Showing papers in "Psychoneuroendocrinology in 2020"

TL;DR: Exaggerated and blunted SAM system and HPA axis stress reactivity predicted distinct physical and mental health and disease outcomes over time and consistently indicate stress reactsivity as a predictor for future health and diseases outcomes.

TL;DR: An overview of evidence regarding non-pharmacological treatment approaches that target central or peripheral stress mechanisms, and future directions, particularly those arising from recent advances in the neurosciences and discoveries surrounding the gut microbiota are provided.

TL;DR: Exposure to abuse, financial hardship, or neighborhood disadvantage during sensitive periods in early and middle childhood best explained variability in the deviation of Hannum-based epigenetic age from chronological age, even after considering the role of adversity accumulation and recency.

TL;DR: The findings provide support for the validity of the TSST as a psychosocial stressor for inducing physiological and psychological stress responses in children and adolescents, but also highlight that some markers may capture the stress response more effectively than others.

TL;DR: The results suggest that vitamin D may represent a biological factor mediating the psychological response to stress in individuals with affective disorders and provide further insight into tailoring intervention strategies.

TL;DR: Structural and functional neuroimaging data from a unique pre-conception prospective cohort study involving first-time mothers investigated before and after their pregnancy as well as nulliparous control women scanned at similar time intervals provide the first indications that the transition to motherhood renders anatomical adaptations in the VStr that promote the strong responsiveness of a mother's reward circuit to cues of her infant.

TL;DR: The results highlight the complex interplay between OS parameters and BDNF in the pathophysiology of EF impairment in SCZ, consistent with its neurodevelopmental hypothesis.

TL;DR: The study suggest that the gut microbiome-derived lactate promotes to anxiety-like behaviors through GPR81 receptor-mediated lipid metabolism pathway.

TL;DR: It is strongly recommend that rigorous studies examining the effects of synthetic OT exposure on PPD should be performed as well as continued work in defining the relationship between endogenous OT and PPD.

TL;DR: The idea that SFN protects against nitrativestress and inflammation by downregulating oxidative stress and inflammation through blockade of NFkB signaling in autistic children is propounded.

TL;DR: It is suggested that naturally-derived polyphenols exert antidepressant-like effects in MS rats, which mechanisms could be potentially mediated by HPA regulation, BDNF levels rescue and modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

TL;DR: The role that inflammation plays in depression, TLR signaling and its plasticity as a candidate pathway, its regulation by micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs), and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for identification of inflammatory subtypes of depression are focused on.

TL;DR: The findings suggested that HCC can be considered as a biomarker of PB (though with caution, as 36.1 % of the parents in PB had HCC values equal to or below the mean of the control parents) and reinforce the view that H CC is a biomarkers of chronic stress conditions.

TL;DR: Examination of the impact of a 9-month intergenerational helping intervention on conserved transcriptional response to adversity gene expression profiles suggests that the GenX program may have favorable effects on immune cell gene regulation.

TL;DR: This review is to survey necessary considerations, important considerations, and best practices when designing a study that aims at least in part to examine the effects of acute stress on some cognitive process or function and to help readers of these studies interpret what may otherwise be very confusing, anomalous results.

TL;DR: It is suggested that environmental enrichment improves metabolic and behavioral health in BTBR mice and resulted in decreased anxiety, and increased social affiliation.

TL;DR: Results may indicate that oxytocin is a neurobiological means to attain and benefit from social support under stressful circumstances, which may be particularly adaptive for women with a history of adversity.

TL;DR: It is suggested that psychological resilience may serve as both a stress buffer and as a direct determinant of cardiometabolic health.

TL;DR: While the findings do not provide conclusive evidence on CT directly dysregulating stress systems, individuals with severe CT showed slight indications of dysregulations, partially explained by an unhealthy lifestyle and poorer health.

TL;DR: The results suggest that TNF-α and disturbance of oxidative stress status as well as their interaction may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Evidence that testosterone specifically boosts status-related motivation when there is an opportunity to improve one's social status is provided, contributing to the understanding of testosterone's causal role in status-seeking motivation in competition behavior.

TL;DR: Chronic indole production by the gut microbiota increased the vulnerability of male mice to the adverse effects of chronic mild stress on emotional behaviors and targeted catecholamine biosynthetic pathway of the adrenal medulla, which plays a pivotal role in body's physiological adaptation to stressful events.

TL;DR: The 24-h rhythm of AEA is markedly different from that of 2-AG, being of lesser amplitude and biphasic, rather than monophasic, which suggest distinct regulatory pathways of the two eCB and indicate that time of day needs to be carefully controlled in studies attempting to delineate their relative roles.

TL;DR: An analytical validation of the measurement of OT in the saliva of three common farm animal species: pigs, cattle and goats and the biological significance of salivary OT concentrations was investigated by using a positive human-animal interaction paradigm.

TL;DR: Investigation of the associations between maternal prenatal psychological distress (PPD) and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) with infant fecal microbiota composition in a large prospective human cohort found maternal PPD symptoms were associated with increases in genera from Proteobacteria phylum.

TL;DR: The lower stress reactivity in individuals with higher HCC levels indicates the need for further research evaluating the role of long-term HPA axis alterations in the context of vulnerability or immunization against acute stress and following stress-related impairments.

TL;DR: A distinct profile of adipokine dysregulation is apparent in AN patients, following the anticipated pattern of low BMI, and while mean leptin levels are lower in AN subjects compared with constitutionally thin women, there is an overlap in individual levels between the two groups and therefore, they cannot be used to differentiate between these states.

TL;DR: The findings support a dynamic model of spatial performance and suggest that both MAB and FAB perform strongly on MRT, contingent on hormonal status.

TL;DR: Both higher average levels and greater within-individual increases in DHEA and testosterone were associated with increases in cortisol across time, indicating positive coupling of developmental changes in these hormones; however, coupling was attenuated in adolescents who were exposed to more severe threat-related ELS prior to puberty.

TL;DR: Findings demonstrate that colonizing the gut with L. reuteri during puberty modulates sickness responses and enduring behavioural and neurochemical outcomes in a sex-specific manner, and may protect against the development of mental illnesses in adulthood.