Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive Markers Preceding Alzheimer's Dementia in the Healthy Oldest Old
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TLDR
To look for preclinical markers of Alzheimer's dementia in a sample of healthy, oldest old individuals, a large number of participants are healthy, middle-aged individuals.Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: To look for preclinical markers of Alzheimer's dementia in a sample of healthy, oldest old individuals.
DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal study of individuals examined at yearly intervals with neuropsychological tests selected to be sensitive to the early detection of dementia.
PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and thirty-nine community-dwelling, functionally independent, healthy individuals 65 to 106 years of age who met strict criteria for lack of dementia at entry. Incident dementia cases consisted of 16 volunteers all 80 years old or older who developed dementia of the Alzheimer's type and 31 volunteers 80 years old and older showing no evidence of dementia during a mean 2.8-year follow-up interval.
MEASUREMENTS: Scores on 10 neuropsychological measures were analyzed for the initial examination when none of the volunteers showed clinical evidence of dementia and for the two subsequent yearly examinations.
RESULTS: Individuals who subsequently developed dementia showed evidence of verbal memory impairment at their initial examination, which was a mean of 2.8 years before clinical evidence of dementia. The average yearly incidence rate for dementia in those 80 years of age and older was 12%. Performance of individuals who did not development dementia remained relatively stable during follow-up for up to 5 years.
CONCLUSION: Alzheimer's disease has a preclinical stage in which verbal memory decline is the earliest sign. Dementia in the oldest old is distinguishable from age-related cognitive decline.read more
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Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment.
Ronald C. Petersen,Rachelle S. Doody,Alexander Kurz,Richard C. Mohs,John C. Morris,Peter V. Rabins,Karen Ritchie,Martin N. Rossor,Leon J. Thal,Bengt Winblad +9 more
TL;DR: A group of experts on aging and MCI from around the world in the fields of neurology, psychiatry, geriatrics, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, neuropathology, clinical trials, and ethics was convened to summarize the current state of the field of MCI.
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Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS–ADRDA criteria
Bruno Dubois,Howard Feldman,Claudia Jacova,Steven T. DeKosky,Pascale Barberger-Gateau,Jeffrey L. Cummings,André Delacourte,Douglas Galasko,Serge Gauthier,Gregory A. Jicha,Kenichi Meguro,John T. O'Brien,Florence Pasquier,Philippe Robert,Martin N. Rossor,Steven Salloway,Yaakov Stern,Pieter Jelle Visser,Philip Scheltens +18 more
TL;DR: The NINCDS-ADRDA and DSM-IV-TR criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the prevailing diagnostic standards in research; however, they have now fallen behind the unprecedented growth of scientific knowledge as discussed by the authors.
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Mild cognitive impairment represents early-stage Alzheimer disease.
John C. Morris,Martha Storandt,J. Phillip Miller,Daniel W. McKeel,Joseph L. Price,Eugene H. Rubin,Leonard H. van den Berg +6 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that MCI generally represents early-stage AD and individuals currently characterized as having MCI progress steadily to greater stages of dementia severity at rates dependent on the level of cognitive impairment at entry and they almost always have the neuropathologic features of AD.
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Participation in Cognitively Stimulating Activities and Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease
Robert S. Wilson,Carlos F. Mendes de Leon,Lisa L. Barnes,Julie A. Schneider,Julia L. Bienias,Denis A. Evans,David A. Bennett +6 more
TL;DR: Results suggest that frequent participation in cognitively stimulating activities is associated with reduced risk of AD.
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The Preclinical Phase of Alzheimer Disease: A 22-Year Prospective Study of the Framingham Cohort
Merrill F. Elias,Alexa S. Beiser,Philip A. Wolf,Rhoda Au,Roberta F. White,Ralph B. D'Agostino +5 more
TL;DR: The "preclinical phase" of detectable lowering of cognitive functioning precedes the appearance of pAD by many years and measures of retention of information and abstract reasoning are among the strongest predictors of pad when the interval between initial assessment and the development of p AD is long.
References
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“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease : report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
Guy M. McKhann,David A. Drachman,Marshall F. Folstein,Robert Katzman,Donald L. Price,Emanuel M. Stadlan +5 more
TL;DR: The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families
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TL;DR: The APOE-epsilon 4 allele is associated with the common late onset familial and sporadic forms of Alzheimer9s disease (AD) in 42 families with late onset AD.