Collagen gene expression during limb cartilage differentiation.
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Changes in the cytoplasmic levels of type I and type II collagen mRNAs during the course of limb chondrogenesis in vivo and in vitro were examined using cloned cDNA probes.Abstract:
As limb mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes, they initiate the synthesis of type II collagen and cease synthesizing type I collagen. Changes in the cytoplasmic levels of type I and type II collagen mRNAs during the course of limb chondrogenesis in vivo and in vitro were examined using cloned cDNA probes. A striking increase in cytoplasmic type II collagen mRNA occurs coincident with the crucial condensation stage of chondrogenesis in vitro, in which prechondrogenic mesenchymal cells become closely juxtaposed before depositing a cartilage matrix. Thereafter, a continuous and progressive increase in the accumulation of cytoplasmic type II collagen mRNA occurs which parallels the progressive accumulation of cartilage matrix by cells. The onset of overt chondrogenesis, however, does not involve activation of the transcription of the type II collagen gene. Low levels of type II collagen mRNA are present in the cytoplasm of prechondrogenic mesenchymal cells at the earliest stages of limb development, well before the accumulation of detectable levels of type II collagen. Type I collagen gene expression during chondrogenesis is regulated, at least in part, at the translational level. Type I collagen mRNAs are present in the cytoplasm of differentiated chondrocytes, which have ceased synthesizing detectable amounts of type I collagen.read more
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FGF signaling pathways in endochondral and intramembranous bone development and human genetic disease.
David M. Ornitz,Pierre J. Marie +1 more
TL;DR: The role of FGF signaling in bone development and in human genetic diseases that affect bone development is examined and what is presently known about how FGF signalling pathways interact with other major signaling pathways that regulate chondrogenesis and osteogenesis is explored.
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TL;DR: In this review an extensive examination of historical and recent literature pertaining to limb development and mesenchymal condensation has been undertaken, with a focus on the development of cartilage.
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SOX9 Binds DNA, Activates Transcription, and Coexpresses with Type II Collagen during Chondrogenesis in the Mouse
Ling-Jim Ng,Susan C. Wheatley,George E.O. Muscat,John Conway-Campbell,Jo Bowles,Edwina Wright,Donald M. Bell,Patrick P.L. Tam,Kathryn S.E. Cheah,Peter Koopman +9 more
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A model for development and evolution of complex morphological structures
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Indian hedgehog coordinates endochondral bone growth and morphogenesis via parathyroid hormone related-protein-dependent and -independent pathways.
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TL;DR: These experiments demonstrate that the molecular mechanism that prevents chondrocyte hypertrophy is distinct from that which drives proliferation, and refines the role of PTHrP in mediating a subset of Ihh's actions.
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