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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression

Charles L. Raison, +2 more
- 01 Jan 2006 - 
- Vol. 27, Iss: 1, pp 24-31
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TLDR
These findings suggest that targeting proinflammatory cytokines and their signaling pathways might represent a novel strategy to treat depression.
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This article is published in Trends in Immunology.The article was published on 2006-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 2608 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Proinflammatory cytokine & Cytokine.

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From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain

TL;DR: In response to a peripheral infection, innate immune cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that act on the brain to cause sickness behaviour, which can lead to an exacerbation of sickness and the development of symptoms of depression in vulnerable individuals.
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Inflammation and Its Discontents: The Role of Cytokines in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression

TL;DR: Preliminary data from patients with inflammatory disorders, as well as medically healthy depressed patients, suggest that inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines or their signaling pathways may improve depressed mood and increase treatment response to conventional antidepressant medication.
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The HPA axis in major depression: classical theories and new developments

TL;DR: It is shown that hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is one of the most consistent biological findings in major depression psychiatry, but the mechanisms underlying this abnormality are still unclear.
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The link between childhood trauma and depression: insights from HPA axis studies in humans.

TL;DR: Results from a series of clinical studies suggesting that childhood trauma in humans is associated with sensitization of the neuroendocrine stress response, glucocorticoid resistance, increased central corticotropin-releasing factor activity, immune activation, and reduced hippocampal volume are summarized, indicating the existence of biologically distinguishable subtypes of depression as a function of childhood trauma.
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From Stress to Inflammation and Major Depressive Disorder: A Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression

TL;DR: A biologically plausible, multilevel theory is proposed that describes neural, physiologic, molecular, and genomic mechanisms that link experiences of social-environmental stress with internal biological processes that drive depression pathogenesis and may shed light on several important questions including how depression develops, why it frequently recurs, and why it is strongly predicted by early life stress.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Inflammation, stress, and diabetes

TL;DR: The molecular and cellular underpinnings of obesity-induced inflammation and the signaling pathways at the intersection of metabolism and inflammation that contribute to diabetes are discussed.
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Gene regulation and DNA damage in the ageing human brain.

TL;DR: This article showed that DNA damage is markedly increased in the promoters of genes with reduced expression in the aged cortex, and these gene promoters are selectively damaged by oxidative stress in cultured human neurons, and show reduced base-excision DNA repair.
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Immune-neuro-endocrine interactions: facts and hypotheses.

Hugo O. Besedovsky, +1 more
- 01 Feb 1996 - 
TL;DR: At the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, most efforts were directed at understanding the molecular and cellular basis of the immune response and the mechanisms of acquisition of immunologic responses.
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Inflammation as a cardiovascular risk factor.

TL;DR: In randomized, controlled trials, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, in the form of statins, have been shown to provide effective therapy for lowering CRP, in conjunction with their lipid-lowering effects.
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