Journal ArticleDOI
Daily High-Resolution-Blended Analyses for Sea Surface Temperature
Richard W. Reynolds,Thomas M. Smith,Chunying Liu,Dudley B. Chelton,Kenneth S. Casey,Michael G. Schlax +5 more
TLDR
In this paper, two new high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) analysis products have been developed using optimum interpolation (OI), which have a spatial grid resolution of 0.25° and a temporal resolution of 1 day.Abstract:
Two new high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) analysis products have been developed using optimum interpolation (OI). The analyses have a spatial grid resolution of 0.25° and a temporal resolution of 1 day. One product uses the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) infrared satellite SST data. The other uses AVHRR and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) on the NASA Earth Observing System satellite SST data. Both products also use in situ data from ships and buoys and include a large-scale adjustment of satellite biases with respect to the in situ data. Because of AMSR’s near-all-weather coverage, there is an increase in OI signal variance when AMSR is added to AVHRR. Thus, two products are needed to avoid an analysis variance jump when AMSR became available in June 2002. For both products, the results show improved spatial and temporal resolution compared to previous weekly 1° OI analyses. The AVHRR-only product uses Pathfinder AVHRR data (currently available from January 1985 to December 2005) and operational AVHRR data for 2006 onward. Pathfinder AVHRR was chosen over operational AVHRR, when available, because Pathfinder agrees better with the in situ data. The AMSR– AVHRR product begins with the start of AMSR data in June 2002. In this product, the primary AVHRR contribution is in regions near land where AMSR is not available. However, in cloud-free regions, use of both infrared and microwave instruments can reduce systematic biases because their error characteristics are independent.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2)
Ronald Gelaro,Will McCarty,Max J. Suarez,Max J. Suarez,Ricardo Todling,Andrea Molod,Lawrence L. Takacs,Cynthia A. Randles,Cynthia A. Randles,Anton Darmenov,Michael G. Bosilovich,Rolf H. Reichle,Krzysztof Wargan,Lawrence Coy,Richard I. Cullather,Richard I. Cullather,Clara S. Draper,Clara S. Draper,Santha Akella,V. Buchard,V. Buchard,Austin Conaty,Arlindo da Silva,Wei Gu,Gi-Kong Kim,Randal D. Koster,Robert A. Lucchesi,Dagmar Merkova,J. E. Nielsen,Gary Partyka,Steven Pawson,William M. Putman,Michele M. Rienecker,Siegfried D. Schubert,Meta Sienkiewicz,Bin Zhao,Bin Zhao +36 more
TL;DR: An overview of the MERRA-2 system and various performance metrics is provided, including the assimilation of aerosol observations, several improvements to the representation of the stratosphere including ozone, and improved representations of cryospheric processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis
Suranjana Saha,Shrinivas Moorthi,Hua-Lu Pan,Xingren Wu,Jiande Wang,Sudhir Nadiga,Patrick Tripp,Robert Kistler,John S. Woollen,David Behringer,Haixia Liu,Diane Stokes,Robert Grumbine,George Gayno,Jun Wang,Yu-Tai Hou,Hui-ya Chuang,Hann-Ming Henry Juang,Joe Sela,Mark Iredell,Russ Treadon,Daryl T. Kleist,Paul van Delst,Dennis Keyser,John Derber,Michael Ek,Jesse Meng,Helin Wei,Rongqian Yang,Stephen J. Lord,Huug van den Dool,Arun Kumar,Wanqiu Wang,Craig S. Long,Muthuvel Chelliah,Yan Xue,Boyin Huang,Jae-Kyung E. Schemm,Wesley Ebisuzaki,Roger Lin,Pingping Xie,Mingyue Chen,Shuntai Zhou,Wayne Higgins,Cheng-Zhi Zou,Quanhua Liu,Yong Chen,Yong Han,Lidia Cucurull,Richard W. Reynolds,Glenn Rutledge,Mitch Goldberg +51 more
TL;DR: The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) was completed for the 31-yr period from 1979 to 2009, in January 2010 as mentioned in this paper, which was designed and executed as a global, high-resolution coupled atmosphere-ocean-land surface-sea ice system to provide the best estimate of the state of these coupled domains over this period.
Journal ArticleDOI
The NCEP climate forecast system version 2
Suranjana Saha,Shrinivas Moorthi,Xingren Wu,Jiande Wang,Sudhir Nadiga,Patrick Tripp,David Behringer,Yu-Tai Hou,Hui Ya Chuang,M. Iredell,Michael Ek,Jesse Meng,Rongqian Yang,Malaquías Peña Mendez,Huug van den Dool,Qin Zhang,Wanqiu Wang,Mingyue Chen,Emily Becker +18 more
TL;DR: The second version of the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFSv2) was made operational at the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in 2011 as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals
Terry P. Hughes,James T. Kerry,Mariana Álvarez-Noriega,Jorge G. Álvarez-Romero,Kristen G. Anderson,Andrew H. Baird,Russell C. Babcock,Maria Beger,David R. Bellwood,Ray Berkelmans,Tom C. L. Bridge,Tom C. L. Bridge,Ian R. Butler,Maria Byrne,Neal E. Cantin,Steeve Comeau,Sean R. Connolly,Graeme S. Cumming,Steven J. Dalton,Guillermo Diaz-Pulido,C. Mark Eakin,Will F. Figueira,James P. Gilmour,Hugo B. Harrison,Scott F. Heron,Scott F. Heron,Andrew S. Hoey,Jean-Paul A. Hobbs,Mia O. Hoogenboom,Emma V. Kennedy,Chao-Yang Kuo,Janice M. Lough,Janice M. Lough,Ryan J. Lowe,Gang Liu,Malcolm T. McCulloch,Hamish A. Malcolm,Mike McWilliam,John M. Pandolfi,Rachel Pears,Morgan S. Pratchett,Verena Schoepf,Tristan Simpson,William J. Skirving,Brigitte Sommer,Gergely Torda,Gergely Torda,David Wachenfeld,Bette L. Willis,Shaun K. Wilson +49 more
TL;DR: The distinctive geographic footprints of recurrent bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998, 2002 and 2016 were determined by the spatial pattern of sea temperatures in each year, suggesting that local protection of reefs affords little or no resistance to extreme heat.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, Version 5 (ERSSTv5): Upgrades, Validations, and Intercomparisons
Boyin Huang,Peter Thorne,Viva Banzon,Timothy P. Boyer,Gennady A. Chepurin,Gennady A. Chepurin,Jay H. Lawrimore,Matthew J. Menne,Thomas M. Smith,Thomas M. Smith,Russell S. Vose,Huai-Min Zhang +11 more
TL;DR: The most recent version of ICOADS (R3.0) has been updated and updated from version 4 to version 5 in this article, with more realistic spatiotemporal variations, better representation of high-latitude SSTs, and ship SST biases calculated relative to more accurate buoy measurements.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century
Nick Rayner,David E. Parker,E. B. Horton,Chris K. Folland,Lisa V. Alexander,David P. Rowell,Elizabeth C. Kent,Alexey Kaplan +7 more
TL;DR: HadISST1 as mentioned in this paper replaces the global sea ice and sea surface temperature (GISST) data sets and is a unique combination of monthly globally complete fields of SST and sea ice concentration on a 1° latitude-longitude grid from 1871.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Improved In Situ and Satellite SST Analysis for Climate
TL;DR: A weekly 1° spatial resolution optimum interpolation (OI) sea surface temperature (SST) analysis has been produced at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) using both in situ and satellite data from November 1981 to the present as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improved Global Sea Surface Temperature Analyses Using Optimum Interpolation
TL;DR: The new NOAA operational global sea surface temperature (SST) analysis is described in this paper, which uses 7 days of in situ (ship and buoy) and satellite SST.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rotation of principal components
TL;DR: In this paper, simple structure rotation and Procrustes target rotation are examined in the context of meteorological/climatological applications, and six unique ways to decompose a rotated data set in order to maximize the physical interpretability of the rotated results are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improved Extended Reconstruction of SST (1854–1997)
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved SST reconstruction for the 1854-1997 period is developed, which uses sea ice concentrations to improve the high-latitude SST analysis and a modified historical bias correction for the 1939-41 period.
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