Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of C60 and C70 in a Young Planetary Nebula
Jan Cami,Jan Cami,Jeronimo Bernard-Salas,Jeronimo Bernard-Salas,Els Peeters,Els Peeters,Sarah E. Malek +6 more
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TLDR
The environment of Tc 1, a peculiar planetary nebula whose infrared spectrum shows emission from cold and neutral C60 and C70, is studied, indicating that if the conditions are right, fullerenes can and do form efficiently in space.Abstract:
In recent decades, a number of molecules and diverse dust features have been identified by astronomical observations in various environments. Most of the dust that determines the physical and chemical characteristics of the interstellar medium is formed in the outflows of asymptotic giant branch stars and is further processed when these objects become planetary nebulae. We studied the environment of Tc 1, a peculiar planetary nebula whose infrared spectrum shows emission from cold and neutral C60 and C70. The two molecules amount to a few percent of the available cosmic carbon in this region. This finding indicates that if the conditions are right, fullerenes can and do form efficiently in space.read more
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Physics of the Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive and richly illustrated textbook on the astrophysics of the interstellar and intergalactic medium is presented, including the gas and dust, as well as the electromagnetic radiation, cosmic rays, and magnetic and gravitational fields, present between the stars in a galaxy and also between galaxies themselves.
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The Chemical Composition of Comets—Emerging Taxonomies and Natal Heritage
TL;DR: A detailed survey of more than 100 comets has been carried out by as mentioned in this paper, which enabled taxonomic groupings based on free radical species and on crystallinity of rocky grains.
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The molecular universe
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of molecular observations in various spectral windows and summarizes the chemical and physical processes involved in the formation and evolution of interstellar molecules is presented, focusing on the characteristics of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules and fullerenes.
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Laboratory confirmation of C60+ as the carrier of two diffuse interstellar bands
TL;DR: Maier et al. as discussed by the authors reported laboratory spectroscopy of C60+ in the gas phase, cooled to 5.8 kelvin, and confirmed that the diffuse interstellar bands that Foing and Ehrenfreund observed do arise from C60 molecules in the interstellar medium.
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Mass loss of stars on the asymptotic giant branch: Mechanisms, models and measurements
Susanne Höfner,Hans Olofsson +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, high-angular-resolution observations indicate at what distances from the stars dust condensation occurs, and they give information on the chemical composition and sizes of dust grains in the close vicinity of cool giants.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
C 60 : Buckminsterfullerene
Harold W. Kroto,Harold W. Kroto,James R. Heath,Sean C. O'Brien,Robert F. Curl,Richard E. Smalley +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a truncated icosahedron, a polygon with 60 vertices and 32 faces, 12 of which are pentagonal and 20 hexagonal.
Journal ArticleDOI
Solid C60: a new form of carbon
TL;DR: In this article, a new form of pure, solid carbon has been synthesized consisting of a somewhat disordered hexagonal close packing of soccer-ball-shaped C60 molecules.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Spitzer Space Telescope mission
Michael W. Werner,Thomas L. Roellig,Frank J. Low,George H. Rieke,Marcia J. Rieke,W. F. Hoffmann,Erick T. Young,James R. Houck,Bernhard R. Brandl,Giovanni G. Fazio,Joseph L. Hora,Robert D. Gehrz,George Helou,B. T. Soifer,John R. Stauffer,Jocelyn Keene,Peter R. Eisenhardt,D. Gallagher,Thomas N. Gautier,William R. Irace,Charles R. Lawrence,L. Simmons,J. van Cleve,Michael Jura,Edward L. Wright,Dale P. Cruikshank +25 more
TL;DR: The Spitzer Space Telescope, NASA's great Observatory for infrared astronomy, was launched 2003 August 25 and is returning excellent scientific data from its Earth-trailing solar orbit as mentioned in this paper.
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The infrared spectrograph (irs) on the spitzer space telescope
J. R. Houck,T. L. Roellig,J. van Cleve,William J. Forrest,Terry Herter,Charles R. Lawrence,Keith Matthews,Harold J. Reitsema,B. T. Soifer,Dan M. Watson,Daniel W. Weedman,Marty Huisjen,J. Troeltzsch,Donald J. Barry,Jeronimo Bernard-Salas,C. Blacken,Bernhard R. Brandl,Vassilis Charmandaris,Daniel Devost,George E. Gull,Peter Hall,Chuck Henderson,Sarah J.U. Higdon,Bruce Pirger,Justin Schoenwald,Gregory C. Sloan,K. I. Uchida,P. N. Appleton,Lee Armus,Martin Burgdorf,Sergio Fajardo-Acosta,Carl J. Grillmair,J. Ingalls,Patrick W. Morris,Harry I. Teplitz +34 more
TL;DR: The Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) as discussed by the authors is one of the three science instruments on the Spitzer Space Telescope and is optimized to take full advantage of the very low background in the space environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope
TL;DR: The Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) is one of the three science instruments on the Spitzer Space Telescope as mentioned in this paper, which is optimized to take full advantage of the very low background in the space environment.