Detection of plasma viremia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals at all clinical stages.
Li-Zhen Pan,A Werner,Jay A. Levy +2 more
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The results suggest that measurement of HIV present in plasma under optimal conditions could be an efficient way of monitoring the clinical state of an individual and the effects of antiviral therapy.Abstract:
Free virus (virus not present within cells) was detected in the plasma of all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals studied. Plasma samples from asymptomatic individuals and individuals with HIV disease were tested. The levels of virus varied, but high virus titers correlated directly with HIV-related symptoms and low CD4+ lymphocyte counts. Effective detection of infectious virus depended on the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for p24 core antigen and culture conditions in which plasma was added to mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes within 3 h of venipuncture. When there were delays in the time to culturing of plasma, neutralizing antibodies and perhaps other factors present in the plasma were found to reduce the efficiency of virus recovery. Plasma stored at -70 degrees C for several months maintained a stable level of free virus. These results suggest that measurement of HIV present in plasma under optimal conditions could be an efficient way of monitoring the clinical state of an individual and the effects of antiviral therapy.read more
Citations
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Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection.
TL;DR: The observations indicate the major challenge of preventing infection by HIV appears to involve infection with a relatively low-virulence strain that remains sensitive to the immune response, particularly to control by CD8+ cell antiviral activity.
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Rapid and simple PCR assay for quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma: application to acute retroviral infection.
TL;DR: A quantitative assay for viral RNA in plasma or sera that differs in several aspects from those reported previously was developed, and requires only a single amplification of the sample and can be completed in less than 8 h.
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Replicative function and neutralization sensitivity of envelope glycoproteins from primary and T-cell line-passaged human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the intrinsic structure of the oligomeric envelope glycoproteins complex of primary HIV-1 isolates, while often less than optimal with respect to the mediation of early events in virus replication, allows a relative degree of resistance to neutralizing antibodies.
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The Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
TL;DR: The discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus and the subsequent recognition that this virus was a member of the lentivirus subgroup of retroviruses led the scientific and medical communities to appreciate that a retrovirus could be the cause of a serious immunological disease in humans.
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Comparative Evaluation of NASBA HIV-1 RNA QT, AMPLICOR-HIV Monitor, and QUANTIPLEX HIV RNA Assay, Three Methods for Quantification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Plasma
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that all three quantitative assays for HIV-1 RNA can be used to measure the HIV-2 RNA copy number, likely to be useful in monitoring the effectiveness of antiviral therapy, and are ready to be built into clinical trials.
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Jay A. Levy,Anthony D. Hoffman,Susan Mukavitz Kramer,Jill A. Landis,Joni Shimabukuro,Lyndon S. Oshiro +5 more
TL;DR: Antibodies to ARV were found in all 86 AIDS patients and in a high percentage of 88 other homosexual men in San Francisco, indicating the widespread presence of these lymphocytopathic retroviruses and their close association with AIDS.
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