Open AccessJournal Article
Development of simple standard assay procedures for the characterization of snake venom.
R. D. G. Theakston,H. A. Reid +1 more
TLDR
Methods have been developed for the assessment of lethal, defibrinogenating, procoagulant, haemorrhagic, and necrotizing properties of venoms, and used to study 53 venoms from 30 different species of snakes of medical importance throughout the world, which should result in the production of more potent antivenoms for use in both developing and developed countries.Abstract:
In accordance with the recommendations of the report of a WHO Coordination Meeting on Venoms and Antivenoms, methods have been developed for the assessment of lethal, defibrinogenating, procoagulant, haemorrhagic, and necrotizing properties of venoms, and used to study 53 venoms from 30 different species of snakes of medical importance throughout the world The venoms studied included Echis carinatus (Iran), Naja naja kaouthia (Thailand), Notechis scutatus (Australia), Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Japan), Vipera russelli (Thailand), and Crotalus atrox (USA), which comprise six of the eight venoms designated by WHO as international reference venoms (IRVs) (C atrox venom replaced C adamanteus venom, as an adequate supply of the latter was not available) The tests used were simple and should be reproducible in other laboratories throughout the world Procedures for assaying neuromuscular paralytic activity and systemic myotoxic activity have yet to be developedThe tests will be used to assay the neutralizing potency of both international standard antivenoms (raised using the IRVs) and new and currently available commercial antivenoms Such studies should result in the production of more potent antivenoms for use in both developing and developed countries, and improve the understanding and management of snake bite throughout the worldread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Structural and biochemical characterisation of VaF1, a P-IIIa fibrinogenolytic metalloproteinase from Vipera ammodytes ammodytes venom.
Adrijana Leonardi,Tamara Sajevic,Zorica Latinović,Jože Pungerčar,Maja Lang Balija,Alenka Trampuš Bakija,Robert Vidmar,Beata Halassy,Igor Križaj +8 more
TL;DR: Interestingly, in standard experimental conditions VaF1 is not recognised by antiserum against the whole venom, so it can contribute to post-serotherapy complications, such as ineffective blood coagulation, in the envenomed patient.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bothrops fonsecai snake venom activities and cross-reactivity with commercial bothropic venom.
Rita de Cássia O. Collaço,Priscila Randazzo-Moura,Mariana Leite Tamascia,Igor Rapp Ferreira da Silva,Thalita Rocha,José Carlos Cogo,Stephen Hyslop,Charles G. Sanny,Léa Rodrigues-Simioni +8 more
TL;DR: Findings indicate that B. fonsecai venom contains various activities that are neutralized to different extents by CAv and suggest that CAv could be used to treat envenoming by B. F onsecai.
Posted ContentDOI
A therapeutic combination of two small molecule toxin inhibitors provides pancontinental preclinical efficacy against viper snakebite
Laura-Oana Albulescu,Chunfang Xie,Stuart Ainsworth,Jaffer Alsolaiss,Edouard Crittenden,Charlotte A. Dawson,Rowan Softley,Keirah E. Bartlett,Robert A. Harrison,Jeroen Kool,Nicholas R. Casewell +10 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a number of repurposed Phase 2-approved small molecules are capable of broadly neutralizing distinct viper venom bioactivities in vitro by inhibiting different enzymatic toxin families.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative compositional and functional analyses of Bothrops moojeni specimens reveal several individual variations
Weslei da Silva Aguiar,Nathália da Costa Galizio,Caroline Serino-Silva,Sávio Stefanini Sant'Anna,Kathleen Fernandes Grego,Alexandre Keiji Tashima,Erika S. Nishiduka,Karen de Morais-Zani,Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo +8 more
TL;DR: The high individual venom variability found in Bothrops moojeni specimens demonstrates the importance to work with individual analyses in studies involving intraspecific venom variability and venom evolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
The detoxifying effects of structural elements of persimmon tannin on Chinese cobra phospholipase A2 correlated with their structural disturbing effects well
Ying Zhang,Chun-Mei Li +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the high affinity of A- type EGCG dimer and A-type ECGDimer for PLA2 and the considerable spatial structural disturbance of PLA2 induced by the dimers may be responsible for their antilethality, antimyotoxicity, and antihemolysis on Chinese cobra PLA2in vivo.
References
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The Isolation and Properties of the Thrombin-like Activity from Ancistrodon rhodostoma Venom
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Prolonged coagulation defect (defibrination syndrome) in Malayan viper bite.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bites by the Saw-scaled or Carpet Viper (Echis carinatus): Trial of Two Specific Antivenoms
TL;DR: Echis carinatus is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality from snake bite in Nigeria and in many other parts of the world, and patients with systemic poisoning by this snake were given echis antivenom made either by the South African Institute for Medical Research (S.A.M.I.R.R.) or by Behringwerke (North and West African polyvalent antivenoms).