Open AccessJournal Article
Development of simple standard assay procedures for the characterization of snake venom.
R. D. G. Theakston,H. A. Reid +1 more
TLDR
Methods have been developed for the assessment of lethal, defibrinogenating, procoagulant, haemorrhagic, and necrotizing properties of venoms, and used to study 53 venoms from 30 different species of snakes of medical importance throughout the world, which should result in the production of more potent antivenoms for use in both developing and developed countries.Abstract:
In accordance with the recommendations of the report of a WHO Coordination Meeting on Venoms and Antivenoms, methods have been developed for the assessment of lethal, defibrinogenating, procoagulant, haemorrhagic, and necrotizing properties of venoms, and used to study 53 venoms from 30 different species of snakes of medical importance throughout the world The venoms studied included Echis carinatus (Iran), Naja naja kaouthia (Thailand), Notechis scutatus (Australia), Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Japan), Vipera russelli (Thailand), and Crotalus atrox (USA), which comprise six of the eight venoms designated by WHO as international reference venoms (IRVs) (C atrox venom replaced C adamanteus venom, as an adequate supply of the latter was not available) The tests used were simple and should be reproducible in other laboratories throughout the world Procedures for assaying neuromuscular paralytic activity and systemic myotoxic activity have yet to be developedThe tests will be used to assay the neutralizing potency of both international standard antivenoms (raised using the IRVs) and new and currently available commercial antivenoms Such studies should result in the production of more potent antivenoms for use in both developing and developed countries, and improve the understanding and management of snake bite throughout the worldread more
Citations
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An investigation of the coagulant activity of the venom of the saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) from Saudi Arabia.
TL;DR: It is suggested that in future studies of the coagulant activity of venoms, the determination of plasma coagULant activity should be carried out in the presence of added calcium ions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of Antivenom Activity of Cassia alata Leaf Extract against Daboia Russelii Venom
TL;DR: Ethanolic extract of Cassia alata plants was tested for antivenom activity against Daboia russelii venom, and various dose levels showed significant neutralization of hemorrhagic activity, and at 400mg/kg leaf extract showed significant necrotizing activity in rats.
Differentiation between Snake and Bee Venoms using Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Computational Approach
Alla M Hashkel,Enas A Sadawe,A Mohamed,M.M Magel,Ibrahim A. Mrema,Salah M Bensaber,S.M Sherif,Massaud Salem Maamar,A.A Elmaghrbi,Anton Hermann,Abdul M Gbaj +10 more
TL;DR: The fluorescence method used was rapid and sensitive and was able to differentiate between snake and bee venoms utilizing AOLE, and possible modes of interaction are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intradermal injection of Bothrops cotiara venom in mice in an experimental wound model
JA Lopes,Apl Giménez,Lfcm Zischler,Patrícia Maria Stuelp-Campelo,Andréa N. Moreno,Selene Elifio-Esposito +5 more
TL;DR: Wound healing after intradermal injection of Bothrops cotiara venom in mice follows similar parameters to wounds caused by other bothropic venoms, revealing the importance of experimental wound models to the study of neutralizing agents against venom toxins.
Journal ArticleDOI
Moringa oleifera ethyl acetate fraction ameliorated the pathophysiological and histopathological alterations induced by Naja katiensis venom
Akindele Oluwatosin Adeyi,Babafemi Siji Ajisebiola,Olubisi E. Adeyi,Olamiposi Saheed Badru,Osamudiamen Paul,Babatunde A. Idowu +5 more
TL;DR: It is proved that the ethyl acetate fraction of M. oleifera could serve as a potential source of effective compounds against N. katiensis venom-induced pathologies and was found to be most effective against venom- induced pathologies.
References
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The Isolation and Properties of the Thrombin-like Activity from Ancistrodon rhodostoma Venom
M. P. Esnouf,G. W. Tunnah +1 more
TL;DR: The isolation and characterization of the thrombin-like activity from the whole venom is described, finding that dogs injected with partially purified preparations of the venom would be protected from artificially induced thrombosis of the vena cava.
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Prolonged coagulation defect (defibrination syndrome) in Malayan viper bite.
H.A. Reid,K.E. Chan,P.C. Thean +2 more
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Bites by the Saw-scaled or Carpet Viper (Echis carinatus): Trial of Two Specific Antivenoms
TL;DR: Echis carinatus is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality from snake bite in Nigeria and in many other parts of the world, and patients with systemic poisoning by this snake were given echis antivenom made either by the South African Institute for Medical Research (S.A.M.I.R.R.) or by Behringwerke (North and West African polyvalent antivenoms).