Open AccessJournal Article
Development of simple standard assay procedures for the characterization of snake venom.
R. D. G. Theakston,H. A. Reid +1 more
TLDR
Methods have been developed for the assessment of lethal, defibrinogenating, procoagulant, haemorrhagic, and necrotizing properties of venoms, and used to study 53 venoms from 30 different species of snakes of medical importance throughout the world, which should result in the production of more potent antivenoms for use in both developing and developed countries.Abstract:
In accordance with the recommendations of the report of a WHO Coordination Meeting on Venoms and Antivenoms, methods have been developed for the assessment of lethal, defibrinogenating, procoagulant, haemorrhagic, and necrotizing properties of venoms, and used to study 53 venoms from 30 different species of snakes of medical importance throughout the world The venoms studied included Echis carinatus (Iran), Naja naja kaouthia (Thailand), Notechis scutatus (Australia), Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Japan), Vipera russelli (Thailand), and Crotalus atrox (USA), which comprise six of the eight venoms designated by WHO as international reference venoms (IRVs) (C atrox venom replaced C adamanteus venom, as an adequate supply of the latter was not available) The tests used were simple and should be reproducible in other laboratories throughout the world Procedures for assaying neuromuscular paralytic activity and systemic myotoxic activity have yet to be developedThe tests will be used to assay the neutralizing potency of both international standard antivenoms (raised using the IRVs) and new and currently available commercial antivenoms Such studies should result in the production of more potent antivenoms for use in both developing and developed countries, and improve the understanding and management of snake bite throughout the worldread more
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Procoagulant snake venoms have differential effects in animal plasmas: Implications for antivenom testing in animal models.
Kalana Maduwage,Kalana Maduwage,Fiona E. Scorgie,Lisa F. Lincz,Margaret A. O'Leary,Geoffrey K. Isbister,Geoffrey K. Isbister +6 more
TL;DR: Different animal plasmas have varying susceptibility to procoagulant venoms, and excepting rabbits, animal models are not appropriate to test procoAGulant activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inhibition of the toxic effects of Bothrops asper venom by pinostrobin, a flavanone isolated from Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) MAAS.
TL;DR: The present data demonstrate that pinostrobin may mitigate some venom-induced local tissue damage due to hemorrhagic effects, and the compound is also responsible for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the extract from Renealmia alpinia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative study of the venoms of three subspecies of Lachesis muta (bushmaster) from Brazil, Colombia and Costa Rica
Rafael Otero,Maria de Fátima D. Furtado,Luis Roberto de Camargo Gonçalves,Vitelbina Núñez,Martha E. García,R.G. Osorio,Marjorie Romero,José María Gutiérrez +7 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that experimental envenomation by Lachesis muta, stenophrys and rhombeata induce a qualitatively similar pathophysiological profile.
Journal ArticleDOI
Translational Venomics: Third-Generation Antivenomics of Anti-Siamese Russell's Viper, Daboia siamensis, Antivenom Manufactured in Taiwan CDC's Vaccine Center.
TL;DR: Antivenomics-guided assessment of the toxin recognition landscape of the Taiwanese Russell’s viper antivenom, in conjunction with complementary in vivo neutralization analysis, informed the antivenoms’ maximal toxin immunorecognition ability, neutralization capacity, and relative content of lethality neutralizing antibodies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Combining in silico and in vitro approaches to identification of potent inhibitor against phospholipase A2 (PLA2).
Sathishkumar Chinnasamy,Gurudeeban Selvaraj,Chandrabose Selvaraj,Aman Chandra Kaushik,Satyavani Kaliamurthi,Abbas Khan,Sanjeev Kumar Singh,Dong-Qing Wei +7 more
TL;DR: In vitro analysis shows that TCM3290 significantly neutralized by PLA2, confirming that Scutellarin had a potent snake venom neutralizing capacity and could hypothetically be used for therapeutic drives of snakebite envenomation.
References
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A rapid enzymatic method for assay of fibrinogen fibrin polymerization time (FPT test).
TL;DR: The preparation of a standard curve, the reproducibility of results and arguments for expressing in clinical practice the fibrinogen content in terms of whole blood rather than plasma are discussed.
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The Isolation and Properties of the Thrombin-like Activity from Ancistrodon rhodostoma Venom
M. P. Esnouf,G. W. Tunnah +1 more
TL;DR: The isolation and characterization of the thrombin-like activity from the whole venom is described, finding that dogs injected with partially purified preparations of the venom would be protected from artificially induced thrombosis of the vena cava.
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Prolonged coagulation defect (defibrination syndrome) in Malayan viper bite.
H.A. Reid,K.E. Chan,P.C. Thean +2 more
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Bites by the Saw-scaled or Carpet Viper (Echis carinatus): Trial of Two Specific Antivenoms
TL;DR: Echis carinatus is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality from snake bite in Nigeria and in many other parts of the world, and patients with systemic poisoning by this snake were given echis antivenom made either by the South African Institute for Medical Research (S.A.M.I.R.R.) or by Behringwerke (North and West African polyvalent antivenoms).