Journal ArticleDOI
Distinctive Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Modes on Neurocognitive and Biochemical Changes in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment.
TLDR
It is suggested that in older adults with aMCI, not only aerobic but also resistance exercise is effective with regard to increasing neurotrophins, reducing some inflammatory cytokines, and facilitating neurocognitive performance.Abstract:
Background Decreased levels of the neuroprotective growth factors, low-grade inflammation, and reduced neurocognitive functions during aging are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Physical exercise modifies these disadvantageous phenomena while a sedentary lifestyle promotes them. Purpose The purposes of the present study included investigating whether both aerobic and resistance exercise produce divergent effects on the neuroprotective growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and neurocognitive performance, and further exploring whether changes in the levels of these molecular biomarkers are associated with alterations in neurocognitive performance. Methods Fifty-five older adults with amnestic MCI (aMCI) were recruited and randomly assigned to an aerobic exercise (AE) group, a resistance exercise (RE) group, or a control group. The assessment included neurocognitive measures [e.g., behavior and event-related potential (ERP)] during a task-switching paradigm, as well as circulating neuroprotective growth factors (e.g., BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF, and FGF-2) and inflammatory cytokine (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15) levels at baseline and after either a 16-week aerobic or resistance exercise intervention program or a control period. Results Aerobic and resistance exercise could effectively partially facilitate neurocognitive performance [e.g., accuracy rates (ARs), reaction times during the heterogeneous condition, global switching cost, and ERP P3 amplitude] when the participants performed the task switching paradigm although the ERP P2 components and P3 latency could not be changed. In terms of the circulating molecular biomarkers, the 16-week exercise interventions did not change some parameters (e.g., leptin, VEGF, FGF-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8). However, the peripheral serum BDNF level was significantly increased, and the levels of insulin, TNF-α, and IL-15 levels were significantly decreased in the AE group, whereas the RE group showed significantly increased IGF-1 levels and decreased IL-15 levels. The relationships between the changes in neurocognitive performance (AR and P3 amplitudes) and the changes in the levels of neurotrophins (BDNF and IGF-1)/inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) only approached significance. Conclusion These findings suggested that in older adults with aMCI, not only aerobic but also resistance exercise is effective with regard to increasing neurotrophins, reducing some inflammatory cytokines, and facilitating neurocognitive performance. However, the aerobic and resistance exercise modes likely employed divergent molecular mechanisms on neurocognitive facilitation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review
TL;DR: Based on the analyses, resistance exercises and resistance training evoked substantial functional brain changes, especially in the frontal lobe, which were accompanied by improvements in executive functions, which could be crucial for healthy aging that includes preservation of the brain and cognition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metabolic communication during exercise
TL;DR: In this Review, Murphy, Watt and Febbraio discuss the physiological processes governing intertissue communication during exercise and the molecules mediating such cross-talk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cerebral changes improved by physical activity during cognitive decline: A systematic review on MRI studies.
TL;DR: Effects of aerobic exercise and fitness seem to mainly impact brain structures sensitive to neurodegeneration, which especially comprise frontal, temporal and parietal regions, such as the hippocampal/parahippocampal region, precuneus, anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise interventions preserve hippocampal volume: A meta‐analysis
Kristine A. Wilckens,Chelsea M. Stillman,Aashna M Waiwood,Chaeryon Kang,Regina L. Leckie,Jamie C. Peven,Jill E. Foust,Scott H. Fraundorf,Kirk I. Erickson,Kirk I. Erickson +9 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that moderate amounts of exercise for interventions greater than 6 months have a positive effect on hippocampal volume including in older populations vulnerable to hippocampal atrophy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative efficacy of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared and ranked the effectiveness of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia and examined the effects of exercise on the symptoms relevant to cognitive impairment.
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