Journal ArticleDOI
Fitness Effects on the Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Study
TLDR
Fitness training was found to have robust but selective benefits for cognition, with the largest fitness-induced benefits occurring for executive-control processes.Abstract:
A meta-analytic study was conducted to examine the hypothesis that aerobic fitness training enhances the cognitive vitality of healthy but sedentary older adults. Eighteen intervention studies published between 1966 and 2001 were entered into the analysis. Several theoretically and practically important results were obtained. Most important fitness training was found to have robust but selective benefits for cognition, with the largest fitness-induced benefits occurring for executive-control processes. The magnitude of fitness effects on cognition was also moderated by a number of programmatic and methodological factors, including the length of the fitness-training intervention, the type of the intervention, the duration of training sessions, and the gender of the study participants. The results are discussed in terms of recent neuroscientific and psychological data that indicate cognitive and neural plasticity is maintained throughout the life span.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise and physical activity for older adults
Wojtek Chodzko-Zajko,David N. Proctor,Maria A. Fiatarone Singh,Christopher T. Minson,Claudio R. Nigg,George J. Salem,James S. Skinner +6 more
TL;DR: The evidence reviewed in this Position Stand is generally consistent with prior American College of Sports Medicine statements on the types and amounts of physical activity recommended for older adults as well as the recently published 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory
Kirk I. Erickson,Michelle W. Voss,Ruchika Shaurya Prakash,Chandramallika Basak,Amanda N. Szabo,Laura Chaddock,Jennifer S. Kim,Susie Heo,Heloisa Alves,Siobhan M. White,Thomas R. Wójcicki,Emily L. Mailey,Victoria J. Vieira,Stephen A. Martin,Brandt D. Pence,Jeffrey A. Woods,Edward McAuley,Arthur F. Kramer +17 more
TL;DR: It is shown that aerobic exercise training increases the size of the anterior hippocampus, leading to improvements in spatial memory, and that increased hippocampal volume is associated with greater serum levels of BDNF, a mediator of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition
TL;DR: A growing number of studies support the idea that physical exercise is a lifestyle factor that might lead to increased physical and mental health throughout life, at the molecular, cellular, systems and behavioural levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial
Tiia Ngandu,Tiia Ngandu,Jenni Lehtisalo,Alina Solomon,Alina Solomon,Esko Levälahti,Satu Ahtiluoto,Riitta Antikainen,Lars Bäckman,Tuomo Hänninen,Antti Jula,Tiina Laatikainen,Tiina Laatikainen,Jaana Lindström,Francesca Mangialasche,Teemu Paajanen,Satu Pajala,Markku Peltonen,Rainer Rauramaa,Anna Stigsdotter-Neely,Timo E. Strandberg,Timo E. Strandberg,Jaakko Tuomilehto,Hilkka Soininen,Miia Kivipelto +24 more
TL;DR: In the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER), a proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial, the authors aimed to assess a multidomain approach to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people from the general population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise builds brain health: key roles of growth factor cascades and inflammation
TL;DR: A key mechanism mediating the broad benefits of exercise on the brain is induction of central and peripheral growth factors and growth factor cascades, which instruct downstream structural and functional change.
References
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