Journal ArticleDOI
Distribution of Hydrogen in the Near-Surface of Mars: Evidence for Subsurface Ice Deposits
William V. Boynton,W. C. Feldman,S. W. Squyres,Thomas H. Prettyman,J. Brückner,Larry G. Evans,R. C. Reedy,R. C. Reedy,R. D. Starr,James R. Arnold,D. M. Drake,P. Englert,Albert E. Metzger,I. G. Mitrofanov,Jacob I. Trombka,Claude d’Uston,Heinrich Wänke,Olivier Gasnault,D. K. Hamara,Daniel M. Janes,Robert L. Marcialis,Sylvestre Maurice,I. Mikheeva,G. J. Taylor,R. L. Tokar,C. Shinohara +25 more
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TLDR
The Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on the Mars Odyssey has identified two regions near the poles that are enriched in hydrogen, and it is suggested that the host of the hydrogen in the subsurface layer is ice, which constitutes 35 ± 15% of the layer by weight.Abstract:
Using the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on the Mars Odyssey, we have identified two regions near the poles that are enriched in hydrogen. The data indicate the presence of a subsurface layer enriched in hydrogen overlain by a hydrogen-poor layer. The thickness of the upper layer decreases with decreasing distance to the pole, ranging from a column density of about 150 grams per square centimeter at -42 degrees latitude to about 40 grams per square centimeter at -77 degrees. The hydrogen-rich regions correlate with regions of predicted ice stability. We suggest that the host of the hydrogen in the subsurface layer is ice, which constitutes 35 +/- 15% of the layer by weight.read more
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Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE)
Alfred S. McEwen,Eric M. Eliason,James W. Bergstrom,Nathan T. Bridges,Candice Hansen,W. Alan Delamere,John A. Grant,Virginia C. Gulick,Kenneth E. Herkenhoff,Laszlo P. Keszthelyi,Randolph L. Kirk,Michael T. Mellon,Steven W. Squyres,Nicolas Thomas,Catherine M. Weitz +14 more
TL;DR: The HiRISE camera as mentioned in this paper provides detailed images (0.25 to 1.3 m/pixel) covering ∼1% of the Martian surface during the 2-year Primary Science Phase (PSP) beginning November 2006.
Journal ArticleDOI
Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
Scott L. Murchie,Raymond E. Arvidson,Peter D. Bedini,K. Beisser,Jean-Pierre Bibring,Janice L. Bishop,John D. Boldt,P. Cavender,T. Choo,R. T. Clancy,E. H. Darlington,David J. Des Marais,R. C. Espiritu,D. Fort,Robert O. Green,Edward A. Guinness,John Hayes,Christopher D. Hash,K. J. Heffernan,J. Hemmler,Gene A. Heyler,David C. Humm,J. Hutcheson,Noam R. Izenberg,R. Lee,J. Lees,D. A. Lohr,Erick Malaret,Terry Z. Martin,J. A. McGovern,Patrick C. McGuire,Richard V. Morris,John F. Mustard,Shannon M. Pelkey,Edgar A. Rhodes,Mark S. Robinson,Ted L. Roush,Edward D. Schaefer,G. Seagrave,Frank P. Seelos,P. Silverglate,S. Slavney,M. D. Smith,W. J. Shyong,K. Strohbehn,H. W. Taylor,P. Thompson,B. Tossman,M. Wirzburger,M. J. Wolff +49 more
TL;DR: The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) is a hyperspectral imager on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft as discussed by the authors, which consists of three subassemblies, a gimbaled Optical Sensor Unit (OSU), a Data Processing Unit (DPU), and the Gimbal Motor Electronics (GME).
Journal ArticleDOI
In situ evidence for an ancient aqueous environment at Meridiani Planum, Mars.
Steven W. Squyres,John P. Grotzinger,Raymond E. Arvidson,James F. Bell,Wendy M. Calvin,Philip R. Christensen,Benton C. Clark,Jeffrey Crisp,William H. Farrand,K. E. Herkenhoff,Jeffrey R. Johnson,Göstar Klingelhöfer,Andrew H. Knoll,Scott M. McLennan,Harry Y. McSween,Richard V. Morris,John W. Rice,Renate Rieder,L. A. Soderblom +18 more
TL;DR: The geologic record at Meridiani Planum suggests that conditions were suitable for biological activity for a period of time in martian history.
Water on Mars
TL;DR: In this paper, the amount of water outgassed from Mars by impact erosion and hydrodynamic escape is estimated to be between 6 to 160 m. The two sets of estimates may be reconciled if early in its history, Mars lost part of its atmosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent ice ages on Mars
TL;DR: Evidence is shown that dusty, water-ice-rich mantling deposits on Mars formed during a geologically recent ice age that occurred from about 2.1 to 0.4 Myr ago, a key pacemaker of ice ages on the Earth.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for recent groundwater seepage and surface runoff on Mars
TL;DR: Gullies within the walls of a very small number of impact craters, south polar pits, and two of the larger martian valleys display geomorphic features that can be explained by processes associated with groundwater seepage and surface runoff.
Water on Mars
TL;DR: In this paper, the amount of water outgassed from Mars by impact erosion and hydrodynamic escape is estimated to be between 6 to 160 m. The two sets of estimates may be reconciled if early in its history, Mars lost part of its atmosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Water and the martian landscape
TL;DR: Data from the Mars Global Surveyor mission confirm the view that brief episodes of water-related activity, including glaciation, punctuated the geological history of Mars, and are anomalous in regard to the prevailing view that the martian surface has been continuously extremely cold and dry, much as it is today, for the past 3.9 billion years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global distribution of neutrons from Mars: Results from Mars Odyssey
W. C. Feldman,William V. Boynton,R. L. Tokar,Thomas H. Prettyman,Olivier Gasnault,Steven W. Squyres,R. C. Elphic,David J. Lawrence,S. L. Lawson,Sylvestre Maurice,G. W. McKinney,K. R. Moore,R. C. Reedy +12 more
TL;DR: Global distributions of thermal, epithermal, and fast neutron fluxes have been mapped during late southern summer/northern winter using the Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer, and portions of the low to middle latitudes indicate subsurface deposits of chemically and/ or physically bound H2O and/or OH.
Journal ArticleDOI
Behavior of carbon dioxide and other volatiles on Mars.
TL;DR: A rather simple thermal model of the Martian surface, in combination with current observations of the atmospheric composition, points strongly toward the conclusion that the polar caps of Mars consist almost entirely of frozen CO2.