Dynamics of wind-affected volcanic plumes: The example of the 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile
Costanza Bonadonna,Marco Pistolesi,Raffaello Cioni,Wim Degruyter,Manuela Elissondo,Valérie Baumann +5 more
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The 2011 Cordon Caulle eruption represents an ideal case study for the characterization of long-lasting plumes that are strongly affected by wind as mentioned in this paper, and the results show how gravitational spreading can be significant even for subplinian and small-moderate eruptions strongly advected by wind and with low Richardson number and low MFR.Abstract:
The 2011 Cordon Caulle eruption represents an ideal case study for the characterization of long-lasting plumes that are strongly affected by wind. The climactic phase lasted for about 1 day and was classified as subplinian with plumes between ~9 and 12 km above the vent and mass flow rate (MFR) on the order of ~107 kg s−1. Eruption intensity fluctuated during the first 11 days with MFR values between 106 and 107 kg s−1. This activity was followed by several months of low-intensity plumes with MFR < 106 kg s−1. Plume dynamics and rise were strongly affected by wind during the whole eruption with negligible upwind spreading and sedimentation. The plumes that developed on 4–6 and 20–22 June can be described as transitional, i.e., plumes showing transitional behavior between strong and weak dynamics, while the wind clearly dominated the rise height on all the other days resulting in the formation of weak plumes. Individual phases of the eruption range between Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEIs) 3 and 4, while the cumulative deposit related to 4–7 June 2011 is associated with VEIs 4 and 5. Crosswind cloud and deposit dispersal of the first few days are best described by a linear combination of gravitational spreading and turbulent diffusion, with velocities between 1 and 10 m s−1. Downwind cloud velocity for the same days is best described by a linear combination of gravitational spreading and wind advection, with velocities between 17 and 45 m s−1. Results show how gravitational spreading can be significant even for subplinian and small-moderate eruptions strongly advected by wind and with low Richardson number and low MFR.read more
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Complex dynamics of small-moderate volcanic events: the example of the 2011 rhyolitic Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile
Marco Pistolesi,Marco Pistolesi,Raffaello Cioni,Costanza Bonadonna,Manuela Elissondo,Valérie Baumann,Antonella Bertagnini,Laura Chiari,Rafael Gonzales,Mauro Rosi,Lorella Francalanci +10 more
TL;DR: The Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Volcano (Chile) erupted in June 2011 following a month of continuously increasing seismic activity as discussed by the authors, and the resulting tephra deposits consist of 13 main layers grouped into four units.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physical characterization of explosive volcanic eruptions based on tephra deposits: Propagation of uncertainties and sensitivity analysis
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a sensitivity analysis for the determination of ESPs and a systematic investigation to quantify the propagation of uncertainty applied to two case studies, and highlight the dependence of ESP on specific observations used as input parameters (i.e. diameter of the largest clasts, thickness measurements, area of isopach contours, deposit density, downwind and crosswind range of isopleth maps, and empirical constants and wind speed for the determined of MER).
Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid laccolith intrusion driven by explosive volcanic eruption.
Jonathan M. Castro,Benoit Cordonnier,Benoit Cordonnier,C. Ian Schipper,Hugh Tuffen,Tobias Baumann,Yves Feisel +6 more
TL;DR: The results show that explosive eruptions may rapidly force significant quantities of magma in the crust to build laccoliths, and these iconic intrusions can be interpreted as eruptive features that pose unique and previously unrecognized volcanic hazards.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chronology and impact of the 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile
Manuela Elissondo,Valérie Baumann,Costanza Bonadonna,Marco Pistolesi,Raffaello Cioni,Antonella Bertagnini,Sébastein Biass,Juan Carlos Herrero,Rafael Gonzalez +8 more
TL;DR: A detailed chronological reconstruction of the 2011 eruption of the Cordon Caulle volcano (Chile) based on information derived from newspapers, scientific reports and satellite images is presented in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sedimentation of long-lasting wind-affected volcanic plumes: the example of the 2011 rhyolitic Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed analysis of grain-size variations of tephra deposits with distance from vent and total grain size distribution (TGSD) was performed, and preferential breakage of coarse pumices on ground impact was inferred from the study of particle terminal velocity.
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