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Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries

Robert J. Barro
- 01 May 1991 - 
- Vol. 106, Iss: 2, pp 407-443
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TLDR
For 98 countries in the period 1960-1985, the growth rate of real per capita GDP is positively related to initial human capital (proxied by 1960 school-enrollment rates) and negatively related to the initial (1960) level as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract
For 98 countries in the period 1960–1985, the growth rate of real per capita GDP is positively related to initial human capital (proxied by 1960 school-enrollment rates) and negatively related to the initial (1960) level of real per capita GDP. Countries with higher human capital also have lower fertility rates and higher ratios of physical investment to GDP. Growth is inversely related to the share of government consumption in GDP, but insignificantly related to the share of public investment. Growth rates are positively related to measures of political stability and inversely related to a proxy for market distortions.

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Model uncertainty in cross‐country growth regressions

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the issue of model uncertainty in cross-country growth regressions using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and find that the posterior probability is very spread among many models suggesting the superiority of BMA over choosing any single model.
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Institutions, financial markets and firm debt maturity

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined firm debt maturity in 30 countries during the period 1980-1991 and found that stock market activity is not correlated with debt levels of small firms, while the size of the banking sector is uncorrelated with the capital structures of large firms.
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Financial Development, Property Rights, and Growth

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate empirically whether firms in environments with more secure property rights allocate available resources more toward intangible assets and consequentially grow faster, finding that improved asset allocation due to better property rights has an effect on growth in sectoral value added equal to improved access to financing arising from greater financial development.
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How Democracy Affects Growth

TL;DR: In this paper, the empirical relationship between democracy and economic growth is examined and it is shown that democratic institutions are responsive to the demands of the poor by expanding access to education and lowering income inequality, but do so at the expense of physical capital accumulation.
ReportDOI

Ethnic Capital and Intergenerational Mobility

TL;DR: The authors analyzes the extent to which ethnic skill differentials are transmitted across generations and finds that the skills of the next generation depend on parental inputs and on the quality of the ethnic environment in which parents make their investments.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity

Halbert White
- 01 May 1980 - 
TL;DR: In this article, a parameter covariance matrix estimator which is consistent even when the disturbances of a linear regression model are heteroskedastic is presented, which does not depend on a formal model of the structure of the heteroSkewedness.
Journal ArticleDOI

A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth

TL;DR: In this paper, a model of long run growth is proposed and examples of possible growth patterns are given. But the model does not consider the long run of the economy and does not take into account the characteristics of interest and wage rates.
Book ChapterDOI

Investment in humans, technological diffusion and economic growth

TL;DR: Most economic theorists have embraced the principle that education enhances one's ability to receive, decode, and understand information, and that information processing and interpretation is important for performing or learning to perform many jobs as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Purchasing-Power Parity Doctrine: A Reappraisal

TL;DR: The purchasing power parity (HIE) doctrine has had its ebbs and flows I over the years as mentioned in this paper and it has also had its critics, among others Taussig after World War J4 and Haberler after WWIJ,5 but it has managed to survive nevertheless.
Posted Content

Long Run Policy Analysis and Long Run Growth

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a class of models in which this type of heterogeneity in growth experiences can arise as a result of cross-country differences in government policy, which can also create incentives for labor migration from slow growing to fast growing countries.