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Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries

Robert J. Barro
- 01 May 1991 - 
- Vol. 106, Iss: 2, pp 407-443
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TLDR
For 98 countries in the period 1960-1985, the growth rate of real per capita GDP is positively related to initial human capital (proxied by 1960 school-enrollment rates) and negatively related to the initial (1960) level as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract
For 98 countries in the period 1960–1985, the growth rate of real per capita GDP is positively related to initial human capital (proxied by 1960 school-enrollment rates) and negatively related to the initial (1960) level of real per capita GDP. Countries with higher human capital also have lower fertility rates and higher ratios of physical investment to GDP. Growth is inversely related to the share of government consumption in GDP, but insignificantly related to the share of public investment. Growth rates are positively related to measures of political stability and inversely related to a proxy for market distortions.

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Using cross-country variances to evaluate growth theories

TL;DR: In this article, an alternative method that uses cross-country variances is formulated and shown to produce valid inferences under weak conditions, which does not support those endogenous growth theories that predict appreciably different trend growth rates across countries.
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Boondoggles, Rent-Seeking, and Political Checks and Balances: Public Investment under Unaccountable Governments

TL;DR: The authors showed that public investment is dramatically higher in countries with low-quality governance and limited political checks and balances or no competitive elections than those with high quality governance and stable elections, and the most plausible interpretation of these results is that these governments use public investment as a vehicle to increase their rentseeking.
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Foreign direct investment and income inequality: Further evidence

TL;DR: The authors examined the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and income inequality and found that the statistically significant correlation between FDI and inequality might capture more of the geographical difference in inequality than the deleterious influence of FDI, and to the extent that FDI does give rise to more unequal income distribution in the host less-developed countries (LDCs), only East/Southeast Asia, only LDCs appear to have been harmed by the inflow of FI during the 1970s.
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Openness and Growth: A Time-Series, Cross-Country Analysis for Developing Countries

TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw together a variety of openness measures to test the association between openness and growth and find that there is a positive association between growth and different measures of openness.
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Is financial inclusion good for bank stability? International evidence

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used an international sample of 2635 banks in 86 countries over the period 2004-12 to find that higher level of financial inclusion contributes to greater bank stability.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity

Halbert White
- 01 May 1980 - 
TL;DR: In this article, a parameter covariance matrix estimator which is consistent even when the disturbances of a linear regression model are heteroskedastic is presented, which does not depend on a formal model of the structure of the heteroSkewedness.
Journal ArticleDOI

A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth

TL;DR: In this paper, a model of long run growth is proposed and examples of possible growth patterns are given. But the model does not consider the long run of the economy and does not take into account the characteristics of interest and wage rates.
Book ChapterDOI

Investment in humans, technological diffusion and economic growth

TL;DR: Most economic theorists have embraced the principle that education enhances one's ability to receive, decode, and understand information, and that information processing and interpretation is important for performing or learning to perform many jobs as discussed by the authors.
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The Purchasing-Power Parity Doctrine: A Reappraisal

TL;DR: The purchasing power parity (HIE) doctrine has had its ebbs and flows I over the years as mentioned in this paper and it has also had its critics, among others Taussig after World War J4 and Haberler after WWIJ,5 but it has managed to survive nevertheless.
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Long Run Policy Analysis and Long Run Growth

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a class of models in which this type of heterogeneity in growth experiences can arise as a result of cross-country differences in government policy, which can also create incentives for labor migration from slow growing to fast growing countries.