Endophytic fungal β-1,6-glucanase expression in the infected host grass
TLDR
Sequence analysis indicates the β-1,6-glucanase is homologous to enzymes secreted by the mycoparasitic fungi Trichoderma harzianum and Trichodma virens, and may have a nutritional role for the fungus.Abstract:
Mutualistic fungal endophytes infect many grass species and often confer benefits to the hosts such as reduced herbivory by insects and animals. The physiological interactions between the endophytes and their hosts have not been well characterized. Fungal-secreted proteins are likely to be important components of the interaction. In the interaction between Poa ampla and the endophyte Neotyphodium sp., a fungal β-1,6-glucanase is secreted into the apoplast, and activity of the enzyme is detectable in endophyte-infected plants. Sequence analysis indicates the β-1,6-glucanase is homologous to enzymes secreted by the mycoparasitic fungi Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens. DNA gel-blot analysis indicated the β-1,6-glucanase was encoded by a single gene. As a secreted protein, the β-1,6-glucanase may have a nutritional role for the fungus. In culture, β-1,6-glucanase activity was induced in the presence of β-1,6-glucans. From RNA gel blots, similar β-1,6-glucanases were expressed in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra L. subsp. fallax [Thuill] Nyman) infected with the endophyte species Neotyphodium coenophialum and Epichloe festucae, respectively.read more
Citations
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Symbioses of grasses with seedborne fungal endophytes
TL;DR: The endophytes gain shelter, nutrition, and dissemination via host propagules, and can contribute an array of host fitness enhancements including protection against insect and vertebrate herbivores and root nematodes, enhancements of drought tolerance and nutrient status, and improved growth particularly of the root.
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Clavicipitaceous endophytes: Their ability to enhance resistance of grasses to multiple stresses
TL;DR: The association of certain fungi with grasses results in the accumulation of several classes of fungal metabolites that serve as relief mechanisms to biotic and abiotic stresses, which suggests the potential for utilizing novel fungal endophytes new host combinations for stress resistance in naturally infected grasses as well as for resistance to specific agronomic and ecological conditions and soil remediation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bioactive secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms associated with plants
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to briefly characterize endophytes and summarize the structuraly different bioactive secondary metabolites produced by endophytic microorganisms as well as microbial sources of these metabolites and their host plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biology of Endophytic Fungi
TL;DR: Recently, the endophytic Corynespora cassiicola was found to produce potent antioxidant compounds corynesidones A and B, and corynether A, together with a known diaryl ether (LL-V125α) (Fig 18), as revealed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biochemistry and molecular biology of exocellular fungal β‐(1,3)‐ and β‐(1,6)‐glucanases
Kirstee L. Martin,Kirstee L. Martin,Barbara M. McDougall,Simon Jon McIlroy,Jayus,Jiezhong Chen,Robert J. Seviour +6 more
TL;DR: This review considers what is known in molecular terms about exocellular β-glucanases about their multiplicity of occurrence, regulation of synthesis and phylogenetic diversity and discusses how this information assists in understanding their functions in the fungi producing them.
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