Book ChapterDOI
Equality of Opportunity
A.F. Heath
- pp 4722-4724
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The authors explored the concept of equality of opportunity, particularly as it has been frequently used in the sociology of education, and used it as an explanatory concept when discussing class differences in access to privileged educational institutions.Abstract:
This article explores the concept of equality of opportunity, particularly as it has been frequently used in the sociology of education. As well as equality being a normative ideal, inequality of opportunity has also often been used as an explanatory concept, e.g., when discussing class differences in access to privileged educational institutions.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gender and the Career Choice Process: The Role of Biased Self-Assessments
TL;DR: The authors developed a supply-side mechanism about how cultural beliefs about gender differentially influence the early career-relevant decisions of men and women, which leads to gender differences in decisions to persist on a path toward a career in science, math, or engineering.
Book
Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization
TL;DR: Milanovic et al. as discussed by the authors presented a new account of the dynamics that drive inequality on a global scale, drawing on vast data sets and cutting-edge research, and explained the benign and malign forces that make inequality rise and fall within and among nations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why Doesn't the United States Have a European-Style Welfare State?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider economic, political, and behavioral explanations for the differences between the United States and Europe and conclude that most of these theories cannot explain the observed differences.
Journal ArticleDOI
Which Is the Fairest One of All? A Positive Analysis of Justice Theories
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate various positive and normative theories of justice in terms of how accurately they describe the impartial fairness preferences of real people, and they propose and defend an integrated justice theory based on preferences over four distinct and sometimes conflicting forces.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Differences in Wage Distributions Between Canada and the United States: An Application of a Flexible Estimator of Distribution Functions in the Presence of Covariates
TL;DR: In this paper, a tractable, flexible-functional-form estimator of cumulative distribution functions for non-negative random variables which admits large numbers of covariates is presented. But the estimator adopts and extends techniques from the spell-duration literature for estimating hazard functions to distribution function for wages, earnings, and income.
Journal ArticleDOI
Path Independent Inequality Measures
James E. Foster,Artyom Shneyerov +1 more
TL;DR: A natural decomposition property motivated by Shorrocks and Anand (1980, Econometrica 48, 613–625) is explored that is derived—a single parameter family containing both the second Theil measure (the mean logarithmic deviation) and the variance oflogarithms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Redistribution mechanisms based on individual characteristics
TL;DR: In this paper, the question of how to redistribute individual incomes if those incomes are determined by the agents' characteristics is analyzed, and an axiomatic approach is used to provide characterizations of a specific redistribution mechanism.
Book
Liberty, market, and state: Political economy in the 1980s
TL;DR: Buchanan as mentioned in this paper argues that economics as a discipline has little or nothing to contribute to our understanding of normative matter, including justice, fairness, and morality, and that the science of political economy cannot sidestep normative matters or even the question of how alternative systems of constraints can and should be evaluated.