Journal ArticleDOI
Estimating the total incidence of global childhood cancer: a simulation-based analysis
Zachary J. Ward,Jennifer M. Yeh,Jennifer M. Yeh,Nickhill Bhakta,A. Lindsay Frazier,Rifat Atun +5 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors developed a microsimulation model to simulate childhood cancer incidence for 200 countries and territories worldwide, taking into account trends in population growth and urbanicity, geographical variation in cancer incidence, and health system barriers to access and referral that contribute to underdiagnosis.Abstract:
Summary Background Accurate estimates of childhood cancer incidence are important for policy makers to inform priority setting and planning decisions. However, many countries do not have cancer registries that quantify the incidence of childhood cancer. Moreover, even when registries do exist, they might substantially underestimate the true incidence, since children with cancer might not be diagnosed. We therefore aimed to provide estimates of total childhood cancer incidence accounting for underdiagnosis. Methods We developed a microsimulation model to simulate childhood cancer incidence for 200 countries and territories worldwide, taking into account trends in population growth and urbanicity, geographical variation in cancer incidence, and health system barriers to access and referral that contribute to underdiagnosis. To ensure model results were consistent with epidemiological data, we calibrated the model to publicly available cancer registry data using a Bayesian approach in which the observed data are fixed and the model parameters (cancer incidence and probabilities of health system access and referral) are random variables. We estimated the total incidence of childhood cancer (diagnosed and undiagnosed) in each country in 2015 and projected the number of cases from 2015 to 2030. Findings Our model estimated that there were 397 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 377 000–426 000) incident cases of childhood cancer worldwide in 2015, of which only 224 000 (95% UI 216 000–237 000) were diagnosed. This finding suggests that 43% (172 000 of 397 000) of childhood cancer cases were undiagnosed globally, with substantial variation by region, ranging from 3% in western Europe (120 of 4300) and North America (300 of 10 900) to 57% (43 000 of 76 000) in western Africa. In south Asia (including southeastern Asia and south-central Asia), the overall proportion of undiagnosed cases was estimated to be 49% (67 000 of 137 000). Taking into account population projections, we estimated that there will be 6·7 million (95% UI 6·3–7·2) cases of childhood cancer worldwide from 2015 to 2030. At current levels of health system performance, we estimated that 2·9 million (95% UI 2·7–3·3) cases of childhood cancer will be missed between 2015 and 2030. Interpretation Childhood cancer is substantially underdiagnosed, especially in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (including western, eastern, and southern Africa). In addition to improving treatment for childhood cancer, health systems must be strengthened to accurately diagnose and effectively care for all children with cancer. As countries expand universal health coverage, these estimates of total incidence will hopefully help guide efforts to appropriately increase health system capacity to ensure access to effective childhood cancer care. Funding Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, National Cancer Institute, SickKids, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, and Union for International Cancer Control.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The global burden of childhood and adolescent cancer in 2017: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Lisa M. Force,Ibrahim Abdollahpour,Shailesh Advani,Dominic Agius,Elham Ahmadian,Fares Alahdab,Tahiya Alam,Animut Alebel,Vahid Alipour,Christine A. Allen,Amir Almasi-Hashiani,Elysia Alvarez,Saeed Amini,Yaw Ampem Amoako,Nahla Anber,Jalal Arabloo,Al Artaman,Suleman Atique,Ashish Awasthi,Mojtaba Bagherzadeh,Huda Basaleem,Eyasu Tamru Bekru,Ali Bijani,Kassawmar Angaw Bogale,Mate Car,Félix Carvalho,Clara Castro,Ferrán Catalá-López,Dinh-Toi Chu,Vera Marisa Costa,Amira Hamed Darwish,Feleke Mekonnen Demeke,Asmamaw Demis,Gebre Teklemariam Demoz,Samath D Dharmaratne,Huyen Phuc Do,Linh Phuong Doan,Manisha Dubey,Aziz Eftekhari,Ziad El-Khatib,Mohammad Hassan Emamian,Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi,Eduarda Fernandes,Florian Fischer,Reza Fouladi Fard,Paola Friedrich,Takeshi Fukumoto,Getnet Gedefaw,Ahmad Ghashghaee,Asadollah Gholamian,Arvin Haj-Mirzaian,Arya Haj-Mirzaian,Samer Hamidi,James D. Harvey,Hamid Yimam Hassen,Simon I. Hay,Chi Linh Hoang,Michael K. Hole,Nobuyuki Horita,Seyyed Nasrollah Hosseini,Mehdi Hosseinzadeh,Mohamed Hsairi,Melissa M. Hudson,Kaire Innos,Farzad Jalilian,Spencer L. James,Amir Kasaeian,Tesfaye Dessale Kassa,Nicholas J Kassebaum,Peter Njenga Keiyoro,Yousef Khader,Jagdish Khubchandani,Neda Kianipour,Jeannette Kirby,Adnan Kisa,Sezer Kisa,Jonathan M. Kocarnik,Paolo Lauriola,Alan D. Lopez,Margit Mägi,Manzoor Ahmad Malik,Ali Manafi,Navid Manafi,Mohammad Ali Mansournia,Benjamin B. Massenburg,Varshil Mehta,Hagazi Gebre Meles,Tuomo J. Meretoja,Tomislav Mestrovic,Seyed Mostafa Mir,Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh,Dara K. Mohammad,Aso Mohammad Darwesh,Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji,Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh,Milad Mohammadoo-Khorasani,Ali H. Mokdad,Yoshan Moodley,Mahmood Moosazadeh,Maryam Moossavi,Farhad Moradpour,Shane D. Morrison,Kindie Fentahun Muchie,Mohsen Naghavi,Javad Nazari,Josephine W. Ngunjiri,Cuong Tat Nguyen,Long Hoang Nguyen,Son Hoang Nguyen,Trang Huyen Nguyen,Molly R Nixon,Andrew T Olagunju,Tinuke O Olagunju,Sok King Ong,Keiu Paapsi,Alyssa Pennini,David M. Pereira,Julian David Pillay,Mostafa Qorbani,Mohammad Rabiee,Navid Rabiee,Samira Raoofi,David Laith Rawaf,Salman Rawaf,Robert Reiner,Nima Rezaei,Aziz Rezapour,Kedir Teji Roba,Les L. Robison,Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo,Gholamreza Roshandel,Saeid Safiri,Mohamadreza Salahshoor,Saleh Salehi Zahabi,Abdallah M. Samy,Milena M Santric Milicevic,Maheswar Satpathy,Susan M Sawyer,Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi,Hosein Shabaninejad,Masood Ali Shaikh,Amir Shamshirian,Morteza Shamsizadeh,Reza Shirkoohi,Soraya Siabani,Jasvinder A. Singh,Khairil Si-Ramlee,Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos,Mohamad-Hani Temsah,Bach Xuan Tran,Irfan Ullah,Amir Vahedian-Azimi,Stein Emil Vollset,Theo Vos,Yasir Waheed,Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel,Hailemariam Mekonnen Workie,Rixing Xu,Mehdi Yaseri,Naohiro Yonemoto,Chuanhua Yu,Vesna Zadnik,Telma Zahirian Moghadam,Zoubida Zaidi,Alireza Zangeneh,Taye Abuhay Zewale,Arash Ziapour,Sanjay Zodpey,Christopher J L Murray,Christina Fitzmaurice,Nickhill Bhakta +170 more
TL;DR: The use of DALY-based estimates is crucial in demonstrating that childhood cancer burden represents an important global cancer and child health concern, which disproportionately affects populations in resource-limited settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sustainable care for children with cancer: a Lancet Oncology Commission
Rifat Atun,Nickhill Bhakta,Avram Denburg,A. Lindsay Frazier,Paola Friedrich,Sumit Gupta,Catherine G. Lam,Zachary J. Ward,Jennifer M. Yeh,Jennifer M. Yeh,Claudia Allemani,Michel P Coleman,Veronica Di Carlo,Eva M. Loucaides,Elizabeth J. A. Fitchett,Fabio Girardi,Susan Horton,Freddie Bray,Eva Steliarova-Foucher,Richard Sullivan,Joanne F. Aitken,Joanne F. Aitken,Shripad Banavali,Agnes Binagwaho,Patricia Alcasabas,Federico Antillon,Ramandeep Singh Arora,Ronald D. Barr,Eric Bouffet,Julia Challinor,Soad Fuentes-Alabi,Thomas G. Gross,Lars Hagander,Ruth I. Hoffman,Cristian A Herrera,Cristian A Herrera,Tezer Kutluk,Karen J. Marcus,Karen J. Marcus,Claude Moreira,Kathy Pritchard-Jones,Oscar Ramirez,Lorna Renner,Lorna Renner,Leslie L. Robison,Jaime Shalkow,Lillian Sung,Allen Eng Juh Yeoh,Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo +48 more
TL;DR: The burden of childhood cancer, which has been grossly underestimated in the past, can be effectively diminished to realise massive health and economic benefits and to avert millions of needless deaths.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global childhood cancer survival estimates and priority-setting: a simulation-based analysis.
Zachary J. Ward,Jennifer M. Yeh,Jennifer M. Yeh,Nickhill Bhakta,A. Lindsay Frazier,Fabio Girardi,Rifat Atun +6 more
TL;DR: A microsimulation model was developed to simulate childhood cancer survival for 200 countries and territories worldwide, accounting for clinical and epidemiologic factors, including country-specific treatment variables, such as availability of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global characteristics and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents with cancer (GRCCC): a cohort study.
Sheena Mukkada,Nickhill Bhakta,Guillermo Chantada,Yichen Chen,Yuvanesh Vedaraju,Lane G. Faughnan,Maysam R. Homsi,Hilmarie Muniz-Talavera,Radhikesh Ranadive,Monika L. Metzger,Paola Friedrich,Asya Agulnik,Sima Jeha,Catherine G. Lam,Rashmi Dalvi,Laila Hessissen,Daniel C. Moreira,Victor M. Santana,Michael J. Sullivan,Eric Bouffet,Miguela A. Caniza,Meenakshi Devidas,Kathy Pritchard-Jones,Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo +23 more
TL;DR: The Global Registry of COVID-19 in Childhood Cancer as discussed by the authors was created to capture de-identified data pertaining to laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and adolescents with cancer or having received a haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Graphitic Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots Embedded in Carbon Nanosheets for Near-Infrared Imaging-Guided Combined Photo-Chemotherapy.
Hongji Liu,Hongji Liu,Hongji Liu,Xiaotong Lv,Xiaotong Lv,Junchao Qian,Hong Li,Yong Qian,Yong Qian,Xingyu Wang,Xingyu Wang,Xingyu Wang,Xiangfu Meng,Xiangfu Meng,Xiangfu Meng,Wenchu Lin,Hui Wang,Hui Wang +17 more
TL;DR: Investigations show that systemic delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) using the multifunctional CNQD-CN nanocarrier under NIR irradiation was highly effective to cause cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in vivo.
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