Follicular Helper CD4+ T Cells, Follicular Regulatory CD4+ T Cells, and Inducible Costimulator and Their Roles in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.
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TLDR
Follicular helper CD4+ T (TFH) cells are a specialized subset of effector T cells that play a central role in orchestrating adaptive immunity as mentioned in this paper, mainly promote germinal center (GC) formation, provide help to B cells for immunoglobulin affinity maturation and class-switch recombination of B cells, and facilitate production of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells.Abstract:
Follicular helper CD4+ T (TFH) cells are a specialized subset of effector T cells that play a central role in orchestrating adaptive immunity. TFH cells mainly promote germinal center (GC) formation, provide help to B cells for immunoglobulin affinity maturation and class-switch recombination of B cells, and facilitate production of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. TFH cells express the nuclear transcriptional repressor B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6), the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5 (CXCR5), the CD28 family members programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and inducible costimulator (ICOS) and are also responsible for the secretion of interleukin-21 (IL-21) and IL-4. Follicular regulatory CD4+ T (TFR) cells, as a regulatory counterpart of TFH cells, participate in the regulation of GC reactions. TFR cells not only express markers of TFH cells but also express markers of regulatory T (Treg) cells containing FOXP3, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), and IL-10, hence owing to the dual characteristic of TFH cells and Treg cells. ICOS, expressed on activated CD4+ effector T cells, participates in T cell activation, differentiation, and effector process. The expression of ICOS is highest on TFH and TFR cells, indicating it as a key regulator of humoral immunity. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system and results in disability, mediated by autoreactive T cells with evolving evidence of a remarkable contribution from humoral responses. This review summarizes recent advances regarding TFH cells, TFR cells, and ICOS, as well as their functional characteristics in relation to MS.read more
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Increased Intrathecal Activity of Follicular Helper T Cells in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
TL;DR: In this paper , the role of Tfh cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) was investigated using flow cytometry, and the authors investigated phenotype, prevalence, and function of Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in blood and CSF from controls and patients with relapsing-remitting MS and primary progressive MS (PPMS).
Journal ArticleDOI
Increased Intrathecal Activity of Follicular Helper T Cells in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Rikke Holm Hansen,J. Talbot,Helene Højsgaard Chow,Malene Bredahl Hansen,Sophie Buhelt,Sebastian Herich,Nicholas Schwab,Marie Nathalie Nickelsen Hellem,Joergen Erik Nielsen,Finn Sellebjerg,Marina Rode von Essen +10 more
TL;DR: This study indicates substantial changes in intrathecal Tfh dynamics, particularly in patients with RRMS, and suggests that the intr Athecal inflammatory environment in patientsWith RRMS promotes recruitment of peripheral T fh cells rather than the TfH cells having an increased capacity to migrate to CNS.
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Regulatory B cells protect against chronic hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension by modulating the Tfh/Tfr immune balance
Cheng Li,Pingping Liu,Hui-xia Yao,Hao Zhu,Shaoze Zhang,Fangling Meng,San Li,Guang Li,Yan Peng,Liming Zhu,Yongliang Jiang,Aiguo Dai +11 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that Breg cells may be a new therapeutic target for modulating the Tfh/Tfr immune balance in HPH.
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Interaction gene set between osteoclasts and regulatory CD4+ T cells can accurately predict the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma
Feicui Li,Haijun Tang,Xiao-Ting Luo,Xiangde Li,Kai Luo,Shangyu Liu,Shijie Liao,Chaoyi Zhong,Xinli Zhan,Qing Wei,Wenyu Feng,Yu Liu +11 more
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors found that cell-cell communication between osteoclasts and regulatory CD4+T cells significantly alters the tumor microenvironment and is connected to poor prognosis.
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Therapeutic effect of the total saponin from Panax Japonicus on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by attenuating inflammation and regulating gut microbiota in mice.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the therapeutic effect of the total saponin from Panax japonicus (TSPJ) on experimental encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55, a commonly used animal model of Multiple sclerosis (MS).
References
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TL;DR: It is found that expression of the transcription factor Bcl6 in CD4+ T cells is both necessary and sufficient for in vivo TFH differentiation and T cell help to B cells in mice, and that Bcl 6 and Blimp-1 play central but opposing roles inTFH differentiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: There has been dramatic advances in this young field, but there is much to be learned about Tfh cell biology in the interest of applying that knowledge to biomedical needs.
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Human Blood CXCR5+CD4+ T Cells Are Counterparts of T Follicular Cells and Contain Specific Subsets that Differentially Support Antibody Secretion
Rimpei Morita,Nathalie Schmitt,Salah Eddine Bentebibel,Rajaram Ranganathan,Laure Bourdery,Gerard Zurawski,Gerard Zurawski,Emile Foucat,Melissa Dullaers,Sangkon Oh,Sangkon Oh,Natalie Sabzghabaei,Elizabeth M. Lavecchio,Marilynn Punaro,Marilynn Punaro,Virginia Pascual,Virginia Pascual,Jacques Banchereau,Jacques Banchereau,Jacques Banchereau,Hideki Ueno,Hideki Ueno +21 more
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