Foot-and-Mouth Disease
Marvin J. Grubman,Barry Baxt +1 more
TLDR
The reemergence of FMD in developed countries that had been disease free for many years is described and the effect that this has had on disease control strategies is described.Abstract:Â
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The disease was initially described in the 16th century and was the first animal pathogen identified as a virus. Recent FMD outbreaks in developed countries and their significant economic impact have increased the concern of governments worldwide. This review describes the reemergence of FMD in developed countries that had been disease free for many years and the effect that this has had on disease control strategies. The etiologic agent, FMD virus (FMDV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, is examined in detail at the genetic, structural, and biochemical levels and in terms of its antigenic diversity. The virus replication cycle, including virus-receptor interactions as well as unique aspects of virus translation and shutoff of host macromolecular synthesis, is discussed. This information has been the basis for the development of improved protocols to rapidly identify disease outbreaks, to differentiate vaccinated from infected animals, and to begin to identify and test novel vaccine candidates. Furthermore, this knowledge, coupled with the ability to manipulate FMDV genomes at the molecular level, has provided the framework for examination of disease pathogenesis and the development of a more complete understanding of the virus and host factors involved.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative Genomics of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
C. Carrillo,Edan R. Tulman,Edan R. Tulman,G. Delhon,G. Delhon,Z. Lu,A. Carreno,Ariel Vagnozzi,Ariel Vagnozzi,Gerald F. Kutish,Gerald F. Kutish,Daniel L. Rock,Daniel L. Rock +12 more
TL;DR: An analysis of the complete FMDV genomes indicated phylogenetic incongruities between different genomic regions which were suggestive of interserotypic recombination, and a novel SAT virus lineage containing nonstructural protein-encoding regions distinct from other SAT and Euroasiatic lineages was identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
T-705 (favipiravir) and related compounds: Novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of RNA viral infections
Yousuke Furuta,Kazumi Takahashi,Kimiyasu Shiraki,Kenichi Sakamoto,Donald F. Smee,Dale L. Barnard,Brian B. Gowen,Justin G. Julander,John D. Morrey +8 more
TL;DR: From in vivo studies using several animal models, the pyrazinecarboxamide derivatives were found to be effective in protecting animals from death, reducing viral burden, and limiting disease manifestations, even when treatment was initiated after virus inoculation.
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Challenges to meat safety in the 21st century
TL;DR: Meat safety issues and related challenges include the need to control traditional as well as "new," "emerging," or "evolving" pathogenic microorganisms, which may be of increased virulence and low infectious doses, or of resistance to antibiotics or food related stresses.
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E unum pluribus: multiple proteins from a self-processing polyprotein
TL;DR: 2A functions in all the eukaryotic systems tested to date and has already been applied, with great success, to a broad range of biotechnological applications: from plant metabolome engineering to the expression of T-cell receptor complexes, monoclonal antibodies or heterodimeric cytokines in animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Foot-and-mouth disease: past, present and future
TL;DR: The challenges and opportunities for improving the control of the disease within endemic settings, with a focus on Eurasia, are discussed, including the role of the FAO/EuFMD/OIE Progressive Control Pathway.
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