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Guidelines for the validation and application of typing methods for use in bacterial epidemiology

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TLDR
Newer and older, phenotypic and genotypic methods for typing of all clinically relevant bacterial species are described according to their principles, advantages and disadvantages and Criteria for their evaluation and application and the interpretation of their results are proposed.
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This article is published in Clinical Microbiology and Infection.The article was published on 2007-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 771 citations till now.

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Multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria: the role of high-risk clones in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance

TL;DR: 'high-risk clones' play a major role in the spread of resistance, with the risk lying in their tenacity--deriving from poorly understood survival traits--and a flexible ability to accumulate and switch resistance, rather than to constant resistance batteries.
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Overview of molecular typing methods for outbreak detection and epidemiological surveillance

TL;DR: Current and new molecular typing methods for outbreak detection and epidemiological surveillance of bacterial pathogens in clinical practice are reviewed to give an overview of their specific advantages and disadvantages.
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Ribosomal multilocus sequence typing: universal characterization of bacteria from domain to strain.

TL;DR: This work proposes ribosomal multilocus sequence typing (rMLST), an approach which indexes variation of the 53 genes encoding the bacterial ribosome protein subunits (rps genes), as a means of integrating microbial genealogy and typing, and employs curated reference sequences to identify gene variants efficiently and rapidly.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis.

TL;DR: This paper describes a method of transferring fragments of DNA from agarose gels to cellulose nitrate filters that can be hybridized to radioactive RNA and hybrids detected by radioautography or fluorography.
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AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting.

TL;DR: The AFLP technique provides a novel and very powerful DNA fingerprinting technique for DNAs of any origin or complexity that allows the specific co-amplification of high numbers of restriction fragments.
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Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing.

TL;DR: This research presents a novel, scalable and scalable approach that allows for real-time assessment of the severity of the infection and its impact on patients’ health.
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Multilocus sequence typing: A portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms

TL;DR: Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), which exploits the unambiguous nature and electronic portability of nucleotide sequence data for the characterization of microorganisms, can be applied to almost all bacterial species and other haploid organisms, including those that are difficult to cultivate.
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Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of Simpson's index of diversity.

TL;DR: An index of discrimination for typing methods is described, based on the probability of two unrelated strains being characterized as the same type, which may be used to compare typing methods and select the most discriminatory system.
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