Showing papers in "Clinical Microbiology and Infection in 2007"

TL;DR: Newer and older, phenotypic and genotypic methods for typing of all clinically relevant bacterial species are described according to their principles, advantages and disadvantages and Criteria for their evaluation and application and the interpretation of their results are proposed.

TL;DR: From data, it is clear that oral infection may represent a significant risk-factor for systemic diseases, and hence the control of oral disease is essential in the prevention and management of these systemic conditions.

TL;DR: Among broad-spectrum antibiotics in development, ceftobiprole, sitafloxacin and doripenem show interesting in-vitro activity, although the first two molecules have been evaluated in clinics only against Gram-positive organisms.

TL;DR: The epidemiology of MRSA has been investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing and SCCmec typing, and the methods used to investigate the epidemiology and risk-factors associated with CA- MRSA and HA-MRSA are described.

TL;DR: A multiplex PCR with four primer-pairs was designed to identify the five main known SCCmec types and a clear and easily discriminated band pattern was obtained for all five types.

TL;DR: It is shown that hypermutator strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which have mutations in genes affecting DNA repair and replication fidelity, have elevated mutation rates, and they also provide a suitable host background for the evolution of acquired resistance genes in vitro.

TL;DR: Ooing epidemiological surveillance of cases of C. difficile-associated diarrhoea, with periodic characterisation of the strains involved, is required to detect clustering of cases in time and space and to monitor the emergence of specific highly virulent clones.

TL;DR: A. baumannii gene sequences were used to design multiplex PCRs to assign isolates belonging to particular genotypes to sequence groups as discussed by the authors, with the exception of closely related alleles within the Group 1 clonal complex, alleles at each locus were highly distinct from each other.

TL;DR: Although the available results concerning the effectiveness of the administration of lactobacilli for the treatment of BV are mostly positive, it cannot yet be concluded definitively that probiotics are useful for this purpose.

TL;DR: Reports have shown a marked overlap between isolates from calves and humans, including two of the predominant outbreak types, 027 and 017, suggesting that food could be involved in the transmission of C. difficile from animals to humans.

TL;DR: Debridement without prosthesis removal, in combination with rifampicin and fusidic acid treatment, was effective and should be considered for patients with early staphylococcal prosthetic joint infections, including those with infections involving fluoroquinolone-resistant organisms.

TL;DR: Overall, mortality associated with S. aureus bacteraemia declined significantly between 1981 and 2000, but incidence rates doubled, so that the total number of deaths increased.

TL;DR: Clinicians should increase their knowledge of oral diseases, and dentists must strengthen their understanding of general medicine, in order to avoid unnecessary risks for infection that originate in the mouth.

TL;DR: The multiplex PCR method dramatically increased the efficiency and speed of A. baumannii identification and the accuracy was 100%, which was confirmed by sequence analysis of the ITS and recA gene of these isolates.

TL;DR: A new PCR-based method that exploits differences in gyrB gene sequences was developed to distinguish between Acinetobacter baumannii and AcinetOBacter genomic sp.

TL;DR: Results demonstrated that PCR in conjunction with sequencing may be a useful tool in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, particularly useful for analysing CSF from patients who have been treated with antibiotics before lumbar puncture.

TL;DR: It was concluded that the median CDAD incidence rate in The Netherlands is considerably lower than that in Canada and the USA, and that the emerging type 027 can spread unnoticed.

TL;DR: A link between CMV infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome has been substantiated, but the efficacy of antiviral therapy in such patients remains to be determined, and some of the emerging issues of clinical relevance with regard toCMV infection in patients with disorders of the immune system are discussed.

TL;DR: Transmission of S. aureus between the environment and patients, as well as the probability of nosocomial infection, are indicated.

TL;DR: Throat swabs from 61 patients with non-streptococcal tonsillitis and 92 healthy controls were examined for the presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum DNA using a novel TaqMan-based real-time quantitative PCR assay, and it was concluded that F. Necrophorum subsp.

TL;DR: Of 217 AREfm isolates that were genotyped, 97% belonged to clonal complex 17 (CC17).

TL;DR: Findings indicate that the current rise in PVL-positive CaMRSA could be caused by the dissemination of novel SCCmec elements among pre-existing PV L-positive strains, rather than by the spread of PVL phages among MRSA strains.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that multiple selective factors, including antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, surface proteins with adhesive properties, and PSMs regulated by agr, increase the ability of CoNS to persist in a hospital environment.

TL;DR: A novel assay based on multiplex linear DNA amplification and subsequent microarray hybridisation confirmed that pandemic PVL-positive strains originate from very diverse genetic backgrounds, and provided insights into the evolution of some lineages.

TL;DR: The characteristics of 55 patients with MDRAB bacteraemia infections occurring between January 2003 and February 2005 were analysed retrospectively and the combination of a carbapenem and ampicillin-sulbactam was associated with a better outcome.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a multiplex real-time PCR approach is a feasible diagnostic alternative in the clinical laboratory for the detection of parasitic infections in patients consulting GPs because of gastrointestinal symptoms.

TL;DR: Based on the data obtained, the Vitek 2 system was unreliable for detecting colistin resistance, and results obtained by Etest may require confirmation by a standard MIC susceptibility testing method.

TL;DR: Overall, this study highlighted significant associations between MRSA prevalence, antimicrobial use and various key infection control parameters, all of which showed significant individual variations according to geographical region.

TL;DR: Overall, there appeared to be a correlation between the genotype and specific mutations conferring resistance to rifampicin or streptomycin in the Beijing and LAM families.

TL;DR: Bacterial and host determinants both influenced the outcome of E. coli sepsis significantly, and those belonging to the B2 group were associated more frequently with susceptibility to antibiotics, community-acquired infection, a urinary tract origin and immunocompetent hosts.