Journal ArticleDOI
Heparin-protein interactions
Ishan Capila,Robert J. Linhardt +1 more
TLDR
This review focuses on aspects of heparin structure and conformation, which are important for its interactions with proteins, and describes the interaction ofheparin and heparan sulfate with selected families of heParin-binding proteins.Abstract:
Heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans, has numerous important biological activities, associated with its interaction with diverse proteins. Heparin is widely used as an anticoagulant drug based on its ability to accelerate the rate at which antithrombin inhibits serine proteases in the blood coagulation cascade. Heparin and the structurally related heparan sulfate are complex linear polymers comprised of a mixture of chains of different length, having variable sequences. Heparan sulfate is ubiquitously distributed on the surfaces of animal cells and in the extracellular matrix. It also mediates various physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. Difficulties in evaluating the role of heparin and heparan sulfate in vivo may be partly ascribed to ignorance of the detailed structure and sequence of these polysaccharides. In addition, the understanding of carbohydrate-protein interactions has lagged behind that of the more thoroughly studied protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions. The recent extensive studies on the structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic aspects of the protein binding of heparin and heparan sulfate have led to an improved understanding of heparin-protein interactions. A high degree of specificity could be identified in many of these interactions. An understanding of these interactions at the molecular level is of fundamental importance in the design of new highly specific therapeutic agents. This review focuses on aspects of heparin structure and conformation, which are important for its interactions with proteins. It also describes the interaction of heparin and heparan sulfate with selected families of heparin-binding proteins.read more
Citations
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Aggregation-Induced Emission: Together We Shine, United We Soar!
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analysis of the chiral stationary phase transition of Na6(CO3)(SO4)2, a major component of the response of the immune system to Na2CO3.
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Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans
TL;DR: Changing views on the specificity of protein-heparan sulfate binding and the activity of HSPGs as receptors and coreceptors are discussed.
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Chemokine: receptor structure, interactions, and antagonism.
TL;DR: The structures of ligands coupled with mutagenesis studies have revealed mechanisms for antagonism based on modified proteins, and binding of small molecules to mutant receptors has allowed the identification of key residues involved in the receptor-binding pockets.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Structure of Glycosaminoglycans and their Interactions with Proteins
TL;DR: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important complex carbohydrates that participate in many biological processes through the regulation of their various protein partners, such as growth factors, anti-thrombin, cytokines and cell adhesion molecules as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fluorescent bio/chemosensors based on silole and tetraphenylethene luminogens with aggregation-induced emission feature
TL;DR: Recent progress in the development of AIE-based bio/chemosensors for assays of nuclease and AChE activities, screening of inhibitors, and detection of various analytes including charged biopolymers, ionic species, volatile and explosive organic compounds is summarized.
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