Hepatitis E: Epidemiology and prevention
Eyasu H. Teshale,Dale J. Hu +1 more
TLDR
There is no specific therapy for acute hepatitis E as treatment remains supportive, and there are vaccine candidates that had been shown to be safe and efficacious in clinical trials, but none are approved currently for use.Abstract:
Hepatitis E is caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV), the major etiologic agent of enterically transmitted non-A hepatitis worldwide. HEV is responsible for major outbreaks of acute hepatitis in developing countries, especially in many parts of Africa and Asia. The HEV is a spherical, non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense RNA virus that is approximately 32 nm to 34 nm in diameter and is the only member in the family Hepeviridae and genus Hepevirus. There are four distinct genotypes of HEV (genotypes 1-4). While genotype 1 is predominantly associated with large epidemics in developing countries, genotype 3 has recently emerged as a significant pathogen in developed countries. The clinical manifestations and the laboratory abnormalities of hepatitis E are not distinguishable from that caused by other hepatitis viruses. However, high mortality among pregnant women particularly during the third trimester distinguishes HEV from other causes of acute viral hepatitis. Specific etiologic diagnosis among infected cases can be made by serological testing or detection of viral nucleic acid by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Although there are vaccine candidates that had been shown to be safe and efficacious in clinical trials, none are approved currently for use. There is no specific therapy for acute hepatitis E as treatment remains supportive.read more
Citations
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Update on global epidemiology of viral hepatitis and preventive strategies
TL;DR: The current global prevalence status of viral hepatitis is presented, potential elimination strategies are examined and potential strategies to reduce infection control measures are examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in Africa
Jong-Hoon Kim,Kenrad E. Nelson,Ursula Panzner,Yogita Kasture,Alain B. Labrique,Thomas F. Wierzba +5 more
TL;DR: The authors suggest that this is a continent-wide public health problem that deserves the attention of local, regional and international agencies to implement control policies that can save numerous lives, especially those of pregnant women and their fetuses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus in Iran
TL;DR: Differences in the epidemiology of HCV reflect differences in the routes of transmission, status of public health, lifestyles, and risk factors in different groups and geographic regions of Iran.
Journal ArticleDOI
The global burden of hepatitis E outbreaks: a systematic review.
Mohamad S. Hakim,Mohamad S. Hakim,Wenshi Wang,Wichor M. Bramer,Jiawei Geng,Fen Huang,Robert A. de Man,Maikel P. Peppelenbosch,Qiuwei Pan +8 more
TL;DR: It is highlighted that HEV outbreak is not new, yet it is a continuous global health problem, and the control measures mainly depend upon improvement of sanitation and hygiene.
Journal ArticleDOI
Seroprevalence and Incidence of hepatitis E in blood donors in Upper Austria.
TL;DR: It is concluded that 1 out of 8,416 blood donations is HEV RNA positive, and HEV-PCR screening is recommended to prevent transmission of hepatitis E virus by transfusion.
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