Open AccessJournal Article
HIV-1 Entry Cofactor: Functional cDNA Cloning of a Seven-Transmembrane, G Protein–Coupled Receptor
TLDR
Fusin this article is a putative G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane segments, which enabled CD4-expressing nonhuman cell types to support HIV-1 Env-mediated cell fusion and infection.Abstract:
A cofactor for HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus-type 1) fusion and entry was identified with the use of a novel functional complementary DNA (cDNA) cloning strategy. This protein, designated "fusin," is a putative G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane segments. Recombinant fusin enabled CD4-expressing nonhuman cell types to support HIV-1 Env-mediated cell fusion and HIV-1 infection. Antibodies to fusin blocked cell fusion and infection with normal CD4-positive human target cells. Fusin messenger RNA levels correlated with HIV-1 permissiveness in diverse human cell types. Fusin acted preferentially for T cell line-tropic isolates, in comparison to its activity with macrophage-tropic HIV-1 isolates.read more
Citations
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Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1
Hongkui Deng,Rong Liu,Wilfried Ellmeier,S Choe,Derya Unutmaz,M Burkhart,P Di Marzio,Shoshana Marmon,R E Sutton,C M Hill,C B Davis,S C Peiper,T J Schall,Dan R. Littman,Nathaniel R. Landau +14 more
TL;DR: The principal cofactor for entry mediated by the envelope glycoproteins of primary macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1 is CC-CKR-5, a receptor for the β-chemokines RANTES, Mip-1α and MIP-1β.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemokines — Chemotactic Cytokines That Mediate Inflammation
TL;DR: This review introduces the burgeoning family of cytokines, with special emphasis on their role in the pathophysiology of disease and their potential as targets for therapy.
Journal ArticleDOI
HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5.
Tatjana Dragic,Virginia M. Litwin,Graham P. Allaway,Scott R. Martin,Yaoxing Huang,Kirsten A. Nagashima,Charmagne Cayanan,Paul J. Maddon,Richard A. Koup,John P. Moore,William A. Paxton +10 more
TL;DR: The β-chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5 as mentioned in this paper is a second receptor for NSI primary viruses, which allows env-mediated cell-cell membrane fusion, but it does not allow the fusion of cells from some HIV-1-exposed uninfected individuals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Homozygous Defect in HIV-1 Coreceptor Accounts for Resistance of Some Multiply-Exposed Individuals to HIV-1 Infection
Rong Liu,William A. Paxton,Sunny Choe,Daniel Ceradini,Scott R. Martin,Richard Horuk,Marcy E. MacDonald,Heidi Stuhlmann,Richard A. Koup,Nathaniel R. Landau +9 more
TL;DR: A CKR-5 allele present in the human population appears to protect homozygous individuals from sexual transmission of HIV-1 and is suggested to provide a means of preventing or slowing disease progression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure of an HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein in complex with the CD4 receptor and a neutralizing human antibody
Peter D. Kwong,Richard T. Wyatt,James E. Robinson,Raymond W. Sweet,Joseph Sodroski,Wayne A. Hendrickson,Wayne A. Hendrickson +6 more
TL;DR: The structure reveals a cavity-laden CD4–gp120 interface, a conserved binding site for the chemokine receptor, evidence for a conformational change upon CD4 binding, the nature of a CD4-induced antibody epitope, and specific mechanisms for immune evasion.
References
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Identification of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β as the Major HIV-Suppressive Factors Produced by CD8+ T Cells
Fiorenza Cocchi,Anthony L. DeVico,Alfredo Garzino-Demo,Suresh K. Arya,Robert C. Gallo,Paolo Lusso +5 more
TL;DR: Recombinant human RANTES, Mip-1α, and MIP-1β induced a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and may have relevance for the prevention and therapy of AIDS.
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Eukaryotic transient-expression system based on recombinant vaccinia virus that synthesizes bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase
TL;DR: The vaccinia/T7 hybrid virus forms the basis of a simple, rapid, widely applicable, and efficient mammalian expression system.
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The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain.
Paul J. Maddon,Angus G. Dalgleish,J. Steven McDougal,Paul R. Clapham,Robin A. Weiss,Richard Axel +5 more
TL;DR: The studies support a mechanism of AIDS virus infection that initially involves the specific interaction of theAIDS virus with T4 molecules on the cell surface, and find that the T4 gene is expressed in the brain as well as in lymphoid cells, providing an explanation for the dual neurotropic and lymphotropic character of the AIDS virus.
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The Molecular Biology of Leukocyte Chemoattractant Receptors
TL;DR: Surprising developments suggest that in addition to leukocyte-mediated inflammation, the chemokines may also be involved in erythrocyte function and, through molecular mimicry, in microbial pathogenesis.
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Streptococcus pneumoniae anchor to activated human cells by the receptor for platelet-activating factor
TL;DR: It is shown that inflammatory activation of human cells shifts the targeting of the pneumococcus to a new receptor, that for the G-protein-coupled platelet-activating factor (PAF) and this progression could be arrested in vitro and in vivo by PAF-receptor-specific antagonists, suggesting a possible approach to therapy.