Hydraulics of high-yield orchard trees: a case study of three Malus domestica cultivars
TLDR
The drought tolerance of three economically important apple cultivars, Golden Delicious, Braeburn and Red Delicious, was analysed and offers insights into the hydraulics of these high-yield trees and indicates a possible hydraulic limitation of carbon gain.Abstract:
The drought tolerance of three economically important apple cultivars, Golden Delicious, Braeburn and Red Delicious, was analysed. The work offers insights into the hydraulics of these high-yield trees and indicates a possible hydraulic limitation of carbon gain. The hydraulic safety and efficiency of branch xylem and leaves were quantified, drought tolerance of living tissues was measured and stomatal regulation, turgor-loss point and osmotic potential at full turgor were analysed. Physiological measurements were correlated with anatomical parameters, such as conduit diameter, cell-wall reinforcement, stomatal density and stomatal pore length. Hydraulic safety differed considerably between the three cultivars with Golden Delicious being significantly less vulnerable to drought-induced embolism than Braeburn and Red Delicious. In Golden Delicious, leaves were less resistant than branch xylem, while in the other cultivars leaves were more resistant than branch xylem. Hydraulic efficiency and xylem anatomical measurements indicate differences in pit properties, which may also be responsible for variations in hydraulic safety. In all three cultivars, full stomatal closure occurred at water potentials where turgor had already been lost and severe loss of hydraulic conductivity as well as damage to living cells had been induced. The consequential negative safety margins pose a risk for hydraulic failure but facilitate carbon gain, which is further improved by the observed high stomatal conductance. Maximal stomatal conductance was clearly seen to be related to stomatal density and size. Based on our results, these three high-yield Malus domestica Borkh. cultivars span a wide range of drought tolerances, appear optimized for maximal carbon gain and, thus, all perform best under well-managed growing conditions.read more
Citations
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Cell Wall Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stress.
Hyacinthe Le Gall,Florian Philippe,Jean Marc Domon,Françoise Gillet,Jérôme Pelloux,Catherine Rayon +5 more
TL;DR: The results show the need to undertake large-scale analyses, using multidisciplinary approaches, to unravel the consequences of stress on the cell wall and identify the key components that could be targeted to improve biomass production under stress conditions.
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How reliable are methods to assess xylem vulnerability to cavitation? The issue of 'open vessel' artifact in oaks
Nicolas Martin-StPaul,Nicolas Martin-StPaul,Damien Longepierre,Roland Huc,Sylvain Delzon,Sylvain Delzon,Régis Burlett,Régis Burlett,Richard Joffre,Serge Rambal,Serge Rambal,Hervé Cochard,Hervé Cochard +12 more
TL;DR: VCs with the bench drying method on the long-vesselled Quercus ilex L showed that the BD VC yielded threshold xylem pressure for embolism consistent with in situ measurements of native emblism, minimal water potential and stomatal conductance, which concluded that theBD method provides a reliable estimate of the VC for this species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insights from in vivo micro-CT analysis: testing the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation in Acer pseudoplatanus and Fagus sylvatica seedlings
Adriano Losso,Andreas Bär,Birgit Dämon,Christian Dullin,Christian Dullin,Andrea Ganthaler,Francesco Petruzzellis,Tadeja Savi,Giuliana Tromba,Andrea Nardini,Stefan Mayr,Barbara Beikircher +11 more
TL;DR: Vulnerability segmentation, enabling a disconnection of the hydraulic pathway upon drought, was observed in A. pseudoplatanus but not in the especially shade‐tolerant F. sylvatica.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xylem cavitation resistance can be estimated based on time‐dependent rate of acoustic emissions
TL;DR: Using AE rates instead of cumulative counts for AE analysis allows more efficient estimation of P50, while excluding problematic AE at late stages of dehydration, according to a linear correlation between the water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity and the maximum AE activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Acclimation of branch and leaf hydraulics in adult Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies in a forest through-fall exclusion experiment.
Martina Tomasella,Barbara Beikircher,Karl-Heinz Häberle,Benjamin D. Hesse,Christian Kallenbach,Rainer Matyssek,Stefan Mayr +6 more
TL;DR: Significant and fast hydraulic acclimation under relatively mild drought in both tree species was well coordinated between branches and foliage, which might be essential for survival and productivity of mature trees under future drought periods.
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