Journal ArticleDOI
Hypothyroidism and Depression: Evidence From Complete Thyroid Function Evaluation
TLDR
It is suggested that a significant proportion of patients with depression and anergia may have early hypothyroidism, the cases of about half of which are detected only by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) testing.Abstract:
To evaluate the relationship between hypothyroidism and depression, thyroid function was evaluated in 250 consecutive patients referred to a psychiatric hospital for treatment of depression or anergia. Twenty of the 250 patients had some degree of hypothyroidism. Two patients (less than 1%) were identified with grade 1 (overt); nine patients (3.6%), grade 2 (mild); and ten patients (4%), grade 3 (subclinical) hypothyroidism. These results suggest that a significant proportion of patients with depression and anergia may have early hypothyroidism, the cases of about half of which are detected only by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) testing. Because hypothyroidism can produce signs and symptoms of depression and can coexist as a second illness in depressed patients, patients with early hypothyroidism may be candidates for thyroid replacement therapy. Clinical examination and measurement of triiodothyronine resin uptake thyroxine and baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and TSH response to TRH are necessary to identify candidates for thyroid replacement among cases diagnosed by descriptive criteria as having either major or minor depression, particularly those that are atypical or treatment resistant. ( JAMA 1981;245:1919-1922)read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The neurobiology of depression and antidepressant action
TL;DR: It is suggested that the problem of depression comprises three sub-problems: first episodes in people with low vulnerability ('simple' depressions); an increase in vulnerability and autonomy from stress that develops over episodes of depression (kindling); and factors that confer vulnerability to a first episode (a depressive diathesis).
Journal ArticleDOI
Treatment resistant depression: methodological overview and operational criteria.
Daniel Souery,Jay D. Amsterdam,C de Montigny,Yves Lecrubier,Stuart Montgomery,Olivier Lipp,Giorgio Racagni,Joseph Zohar,Julien Mendlewicz +8 more
TL;DR: The proposed criteria are intended for therapeutic trials in TRD, combining the evaluation of treatment efficiency and the validation of the concept of TRD itself, including major depression with poor response to two adequate trials of different classes of antidepressants.
Journal ArticleDOI
The thyroid-brain interaction in thyroid disorders and mood disorders.
TL;DR: This work reviews the relationship between thyroid hormone and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with primary thyroid disease and primary mood disorders and investigates the role of thyroid hormone in the adult brain.
Journal Article
Clinical features of treatment-resistant depression.
TL;DR: This article reviews the current literature regarding the clinical characteristics of treatment-resistant depression, with particular attention to the relevance of these factors for clinical decision making.
Journal ArticleDOI
Screening for Thyroid Disease
Mark Helfand,Lawrence M. Crapo +1 more
TL;DR: Evaluating the usefulness of screening for thyroid dysfunction in various clinical settings finds case-finding in some women over 40 years of age can be useful and patients admitted to specialized geriatric units may also benefit from routine testing.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in depression.
TL;DR: Ten euthyroid women with unipolar depression were treated with a single injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (T.R.H.) and a single injections of saline in a double-blind, crossover comparison to cause a prompt, brief improvement in depression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in normal man.
Peter J. Snyder,Robert D. Utiger +1 more
TL;DR: Synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was administered intravenously to normal human subjects to define the normal range of serum TSH response to TRH and some of the variables that affect this response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enhancement of Imipramine Antidepressant Activity by Thyroid Hormone
TL;DR: Twenty euthyroid patients with retarded depression were studied to determine the possible role of alterations in thyroid function in the etiology and treatment of depression, and T3 was physiologically active, altering protein-bound iodine values and accelerating ankle reflex time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mental changes accompanying thyroid gland dysfunction. A reappraisal using objective psychological measurement.
TL;DR: With such extensive previous study one might question the purpose of a further evaluation of the mental changes occurring in thyroid gland dysfunction, and it is opinion, however, that much remains to be clarified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Grades of Hypothyroidism
TL;DR: Hypothyroidism is a graded phenomenon, the most valuable features for defining the individual grade being the clinical manifestations, the serum TSH concentration, and the presence of circulating antibodies to thyroid tissue.
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