Identifying the PECO: A framework for formulating good questions to explore the association of environmental and other exposures with health outcomes.
TLDR
The PECO informs the study design or inclusion and exclusion criteria for a review, as well as facilitating the interpretation of the directness of the findings based on how well the actual research findings represent the original question.About:
This article is published in Environment International.The article was published on 2018-08-27 and is currently open access. It has received 399 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Peco & Population.read more
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Air Pollution (Particulate Matter) Exposure and Associations with Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar, Psychosis and Suicide Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Isobel Braithwaite,Shuo Zhang,James B. Kirkbride,David Osborn,David Osborn,Joseph Hayes,Joseph Hayes +6 more
TL;DR: The hypothesis of an association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and depression is supported and the limited literature and methodological challenges in this field, including heterogeneous outcome definitions, exposure assessment, and residual confounding, suggest further high-quality studies are warranted to investigate potentially causal associations between air pollution and poor mental health.
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Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Pablo Wenceslao Orellano,Julieta Itatí Reynoso,Nancy Esther Quaranta,Ariel Bardach,Agustín Ciapponi +4 more
TL;DR: Evidence is found of a positive association between short-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and O3 and all-cause mortality, and between PM10 and PM 2.5 and cardiovascular, respiratory and cerebrovascular mortality.
The Navigation Guide: Evidence-Based Medicine Meets Environmental Health
TL;DR: Johnson et al. as mentioned in this paper applied the Navigation Guide methodology to determine whether developmental exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) affects fetal growth in humans.
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COSMOS-E: Guidance on conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies of etiology.
Olaf M. Dekkers,Olaf M. Dekkers,Olaf M. Dekkers,Jan P. Vandenbroucke,Jan P. Vandenbroucke,Jan P. Vandenbroucke,M. Cevallos,Andrew G Renehan,Douglas G. Altman,Matthias Egger,Matthias Egger +10 more
TL;DR: As many reviews of observational studies on etiology are being performed, this document may provide researchers with guidance on how to conduct and analyse such reviews.
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Machine learning and artificial intelligence research for patient benefit: 20 critical questions on transparency, replicability, ethics, and effectiveness
Sebastian J. Vollmer,Bilal A. Mateen,Bilal A. Mateen,Bilal A. Mateen,Gergo Bohner,Gergo Bohner,Franz J. Király,Franz J. Király,Rayid Ghani,Pall Jonsson,Sarah Cumbers,A Jonas,McAllister Ksl.,Puja R. Myles,David Granger,Mark Birse,Richard Branson,Moons Kgm.,Gary S. Collins,Ioannidis Jpa.,Christopher Holmes,Harry Hemingway +21 more
TL;DR: The 20 critical questions proposed here provide a framework for research groups to inform the design, conduct, and reporting; for editors and peer reviewers to evaluate contributions to the literature; and for patients, clinicians and policy makers to critically appraise where new findings may deliver patient benefit.
References
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Book
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
Julian P T Higgins,Sally Green +1 more
TL;DR: The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions is the official document that describes in detail the process of preparing and maintaining Cochrane systematic reviews on the effects of healthcare interventions.
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Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015
Aaron Cohen,Michael Brauer,Richard T. Burnett,H. Ross Anderson,Joseph Frostad,Kara Estep,Kalpana Balakrishnan,Bert Brunekreef,Lalit Dandona,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Valery L. Feigin,Greg Freedman,Bryan Hubbell,Amelia Jobling,Haidong Kan,Luke D. Knibbs,Yang Liu,Randall V. Martin,Lidia Morawska,C. Arden Pope,Hwashin Shin,Kurt Straif,Gavin Shaddick,Matthew L. Thomas,Rita Van Dingenen,Aaron van Donkelaar,Theo Vos,Christopher J L Murray,Mohammad H. Forouzanfar +29 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored spatial and temporal trends in mortality and burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution from 1990 to 2015 at global, regional, and country levels, and estimated the relative risk of mortality from ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and lower respiratory infections from epidemiological studies using nonlinear exposure-response functions spanning the global range of exposure.
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GRADE guidelines: 2. Framing the question and deciding on important outcomes
Gordon H. Guyatt,Andrew D Oxman,Regina Kunz,David C. Atkins,Jan Brozek,Gunn Elisabeth Vist,Philip Alderson,Paul Glasziou,Yngve Falck-Ytter,Holger J. Schünemann +9 more
TL;DR: In considering the importance of a surrogate outcome, authors should rate the importanceof the patient-important outcome for which the surrogate is a substitute and subsequently rate down the quality of evidence for indirectness of outcome.
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Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials
TL;DR: Evidence does not support the argument that vitamin D only supplementation increases bone mineral density or reduces the risk of fractures or falls in older people, and highly convincing evidence of a clear role of vitamin D does not exist for any outcome, but associations with a selection of outcomes are probable.