In-Depth Investigation of Conjunctival Swabs and Tear Fluid of Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients, an Observational Cohort Study.
Marlies Gijs,Judith Veugen,Petra F. G. Wolffs,Petra F. G. Wolffs,Paul H. M. Savelkoul,Paul H. M. Savelkoul,Jeanette Tas,Bas C. T. van Bussel,Bas C. T. van Bussel,Martijn D. de Kruif,Ronald M.A. Henry,Carroll A.B. Webers,Mor M. Dickman,Rudy M.M.A. Nuijts +13 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors examined conjunctival swabs and tear fluid in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients and found that the virus strain detected in the conjunctiva was most often identical to the one found in the nasopharynx.Abstract:
Purpose: The putative presence of SARS-CoV-2 in ocular specimen puts healthcare workers at risk. We thoroughly examined conjunctival swabs and tear fluid in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients. Methods: A total of 243 symptomatic laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in this observational multicenter study. Conjunctival swabs were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Next-generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed to identify viral strains and to determine tissue tropism. Schirmer tear samples from 43 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 25 healthy controls were analyzed by multiplex cytokine immunoassays. Results: Viral SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in conjunctival swabs from 17 (7.0%) of 243 COVID-19 patients. Conjunctival samples were positive for viral SARS-CoV-2 RNA as long as 12 days after disease onset. Cycle threshold (Ct) values for conjunctival swabs (mean 34.5 ± 5.1) were significantly higher than nasopharyngeal swabs (mean 16.7 ± 3.6). No correlation between Ct values of conjunctival and nasopharyngeal swabs was observed. The majority of positive conjunctival samples were detected only once and primarily during the first visit. Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that the virus strain found in the conjunctiva was most often identical to the one found in the nasopharynx. Tear cytokine levels IL-1s and IL-6 were elevated in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: Conjunctival samples that were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA contained the same viral strain as the nasopharynx. Translational Relevance: The presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and elevated cytokines in tear fluid confirm the involvement of the ocular surface in COVID-19 disease.read more
Citations
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Detection of coronavirus in tear samples of hospitalized patients with COVID-19
TL;DR: A prospective cross-sectional study of 70 consecutive patients who were hospitalized in Haseki Training and Research Hospital with SARS-CoV-2 from February 1 to April 1, 2021, was performed as mentioned in this paper .
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Therapeutic potential of the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3 in counteracting SARS-CoV-2 infection of the eye through p53 activation
TL;DR: It is proposed that topical use of Nutlin-3, the prototype member of MDM2 inhibitors, might protect the anterior surface of the eye from SARS-CoV-2 infection, reducing the spreading of the virus.
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Covid-19 and its relation to the human eye: transmission, infection, and ocular manifestations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors reviewed the history, the existing aspects of Covid-19, the ocular system features, and the claims about the possible involvement of the eye in the virus transmission along with the eye infection.
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Conjunctival Swabs Reveal Higher Detection Rate Compared to Schirmer Strips for SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection in Tears of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Luís Expedito Sabage,Young Joo Sun,Julian Wolf,Josmar Sabage,Alessandra Mazzo,Carlos Ferreira dos Santos,Vinit B. Mahajan,Luiz Fernando Manzoni Lourençone +7 more
TL;DR: In this article , the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in tear samples and whether it correlates with ocular findings and patients’ prognosis in Brazil were determined using qRT-PCR.
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Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Tear Film and Air Puff From Noncontact Tonometry
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the mechanism of potential droplet formation in response to air puff deformation with two noncontact tonometers (NCTs) and found that these tonometers are not expected to cause droplets in standard use and that if external drops are required, both eyelids should be held if patients need assistance to maintain open eyes to avoid droplets with predominantly forward motion.
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