Journal ArticleDOI
Insights into the Geometric and Electronic Structure of Transition Metal Centers from Valence-to-Core X-ray Emission Spectroscopy
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Valence-to-core (VtC) X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) holds promise as an emerging probe of chemical structure for the ligands bound to a metal center, enabling access to chemical information that can be difficult to obtain with other methods.Abstract:
A long-standing goal of inorganic chemists is the ability to decipher the geometric and electronic structures of chemical species. This is particularly true for the study of small molecule and biological catalysts, where this knowledge is critical for understanding how these molecules effect chemical transformations. Numerous techniques are available for this task, and collectively they have enabled detailed understanding of many complex chemical systems. Despite this battery of probes, however, challenges still remain, particularly when the structural question involves subtle perturbations of the ligands bound to a metal center, as is often the case during chemical reactions. It is here that, as an emerging probe of chemical structure, valence-to-core (VtC) X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) holds promise. VtC XES begins with ionization of a 1s electron from a metal ion by high energy X-ray photons. Electrons residing in ligand-localized valence orbitals decay to fill the 1s hole, emitting fluorescent photons in the process; in this manner, VtC XES primarily probes the filled, ligand-based orbitals of a metal complex. This is in contrast to other X-ray based techniques, such as K-edge X-ray absorption and EXAFS, which probe the unoccupied d-manifold orbitals and atomic scatterers surrounding the metal, respectively. As a hard X-ray technique, VtC XES experiments can be performed on a variety of sample states and environments, enabling application to demanding systems, such as high pressure cells and dilute biological samples. VtC XES thus can offer unique insights into the geometric and electronic structures of inorganic complexes. In recent years, we have sought to use VtC XES in the study of inorganic and bioinorganic complexes; doing so, however, first required a thorough and detailed understanding of the information content of these spectra. Extensive experimental surveys of model compounds coupled to the insights provided by DFT calculated spectra of real and hypothetical compounds allowed the development of a framework whereby VtC XES spectra may be understood in terms of a molecular orbital picture. Specifically, VtC spectra may be interpreted as a probe of electronic structure for the ligands bound to a metal center, enabling access to chemical information that can be difficult to obtain with other methods. Examples of this include the ability to (1) assess the identity and number of atomic/small molecule ligands bound to a metal center, (2) quantify the degree of bond activation of a small molecule substrate, and (3) establish the protonation state of donor atoms. With this foundation established, VtC has been meaningfully applied to long-standing questions in bioinorganic chemistry, with the potential for numerous future applications in all areas of metal-mediated catalysis.read more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated how elementary excitations of transition metal oxides show up in Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) spectra.
Journal ArticleDOI
High resolution 1s core hole X-ray spectroscopy in 3d transition metal complexes—electronic and structural information
Pieter Glatzel,Uwe Bergmann +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review recent developments in Kα and Kβ spectroscopy and show how the chemical sensitivity of the fluorescence lines can be exploited for selective X-ray absorption studies.
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High-Resolution X-ray Emission and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
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Journal ArticleDOI
X-ray Emission Spectroscopy Evidences a Central Carbon in the Nitrogenase Iron-Molybdenum Cofactor
Kyle M. Lancaster,Michael Roemelt,Patrick Ettenhuber,Yilin Hu,Markus W. Ribbe,Frank Neese,Frank Neese,Uwe Bergmann,Serena DeBeer,Serena DeBeer +9 more
TL;DR: A central light atom in a cofactor at the nitrogenase active site is identified as a carbon, indicating that among the candidate atoms oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon, it is carbon that best fits the XES data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simultaneous Femtosecond X-ray Spectroscopy and Diffraction of Photosystem II at Room Temperature
Jan Kern,Jan Kern,Roberto Alonso-Mori,Rosalie Tran,Johan Hattne,Richard J. Gildea,Nathaniel Echols,Carina Glöckner,Julia Hellmich,Hartawan Laksmono,Raymond G. Sierra,Benedikt Lassalle-Kaiser,Sergey Koroidov,Alyssa Lampe,Guangye Han,Sheraz Gul,D. DiFiore,Despina Milathianaki,Alan Fry,A. Miahnahri,Donald W. Schafer,Marc Messerschmidt,M. Marvin Seibert,Jason E. Koglin,Dimosthenis Sokaras,Tsu-Chien Weng,Jonas A. Sellberg,Jonas A. Sellberg,Matthew J. Latimer,Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve,Petrus H. Zwart,William E. White,Pieter Glatzel,Paul D. Adams,Michael J. Bogan,Garth J. Williams,Sébastien Boutet,Johannes Messinger,Athina Zouni,Nicholas K. Sauter,Vittal K. Yachandra,Uwe Bergmann,Junko Yano +42 more
TL;DR: This simultaneous XRD-XES study shows that the PS II crystals are intact during measurements at the LCLS, not only with respect to the structure of PS II, but also with regard to the electronic structure of the highly radiation-sensitive Mn4CaO5 cluster, opening new directions for future dynamics studies.
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