Journal ArticleDOI
Io on the eve of the galileo mission
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Io, the innermost of Jupiter's large moons, is one of the most unusual objects in the Solar System as discussed by the authors, which produces a global heat flux 40 times the terrestrial value, producing intense volcanic activity and a global resurfacing rate averaging perhaps 1 cm yr−1.Abstract:
▪ Abstract Io, innermost of Jupiter's large moons, is one of the most unusual objects in the Solar System. Tidal heating of the interior produces a global heat flux 40 times the terrestrial value, producing intense volcanic activity and a global resurfacing rate averaging perhaps 1 cm yr−1. The volcanoes may erupt mostly silicate lavas, but the uppermost surface is dominated by sulfur compounds including SO2 frost. The volcanoes and frost support a thin, patchy SO2 atmosphere with peak pressure near 10−8 bars. Self-sustaining bombardment of the surface and atmosphere by Io-derived plasma trapped in Jupiter's magnetosphere causes escape of material from Io (predominantly sulfur, oxygen, and sodium atoms, ions, and molecules) at a rate of about 103 kg s−1. The resulting Jupiter-encircling torus of ionized sulfur and oxygen dominates the Jovian magnetosphere and, together with an extended cloud of neutral sodium, is readily observable from Earth.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Vegetation's red edge: a possible spectroscopic biosignature of extraterrestrial plants.
TL;DR: This work presents Earthshine observations from Apache Point Observatory to emphasize that time variability is key to detecting weak surface biosignatures such as the vegetation red edge, and implies that future terrestrial-planet-characterizing space missions should obtain data that allow time-varying, sharp spectral features at unknown wavelengths to be identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
The sub-Alfvénic interaction of the Galilean satellites with the Jovian magnetosphere
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the sub-Alfvenic, low-beta interaction can be described by an anisotropic conducting atmosphere joined to an Alfven wing as one extreme case and the Jovian ionosphere as the other extreme case.
Journal ArticleDOI
Active Volcanism on Io as Seen by Galileo SSI
Alfred S. McEwen,Laszlo P. Keszthelyi,Paul Geissler,Damon P. Simonelli,Michael H. Carr,Torrence V. Johnson,Kenneth P. Klaasen,H. Herbert Breneman,Todd J. Jones,James M. Kaufman,K. Magee,David A. Senske,M. J. S. Belton,Gerald Schubert +13 more
TL;DR: Io has been monitored during the nominal Galileo satellite tour from mid 1996 through late 1997 by the Solid State Imaging (SSI) experiment, which was able to observe many manifestations of active volcanism, including changes in the color and albedo of the surface, active airborne plumes, and glowing vents seen in eclipse as discussed by the authors.
BookDOI
Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planets
TL;DR: The Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planets (CCP) as discussed by the authors is a collection of more than sixty leading experts in the field that sets forth the foundations for this emerging new science and brings the reader to the forefront of our current understanding of atmospheric formation and climate evolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Spectral Mapping of Jupiter and the Galilean Satellites: Results from Galileo's Initial Orbit
Robert W. Carlson,William D. Smythe,Kevin H. Baines,E. Barbinis,Kris J. Becker,R. Burns,S. B. Calcutt,Wendy M. Calvin,Roger N. Clark,G. E. Danielson,A. G. Davies,Pierre Drossart,T. Encrenaz,Fraser P. Fanale,J. Granahan,Gary B. Hansen,P. Herrera,Charles A. Hibbitts,J. Hui,Patrick G. J. Irwin,Torrence V. Johnson,L. W. Kamp,Hugh H. Kieffer,F. Leader,Emmanuel Lellouch,R. Lopes-Gautier,Dennis L. Matson,Thomas B. McCord,R. Mehlman,Adriana C. Ocampo,Glenn S. Orton,M. Roos-Serote,M. Segura,James H. Shirley,L. A. Soderblom,A. Stevenson,Fredric W. Taylor,J. Torson,Alex A. S. Weir,Paul R. Weissman +39 more
TL;DR: Spectra for a 5-micrometer hot spot on Jupiter are consistent with the absence of a significant water cloud above 8 bars and with a depletion of water compared to that predicted for solar composition, corroborating results from the Galileo probe.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Io hot spots: Infrared photometry of satellite occultations
Jay D. Goguen,W. M. Sinton,Dennis L. Matson,Robert R. Howell,H. M. Dyck,Torrence V. Johnson,Robert H. Brown,Glenn J. Veeder,Arthur L. Lane,Robert M. Nelson,R.A. Mc Laren +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a model is developed for the occultation lightcurves, and its fitting to the data defines the apparent path of the occulting satellite relative to Io; the mean error in apparent relative position of occulting satellites is of the order of 178 km.
Interactions of planetary magnetospheres with icy satellite surfaces.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of sputter ejecta in the formation of neutral clouds within the magnetosphere, and the importance of these processes for the surface, the atmosphere of the parent body, and magnetosphere as a whole.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neutral cloud distribution in the Jovian system
TL;DR: In this paper, the Io plasma torus has been used to determine the structure, mass loading, and energy budget of the innermost Galilean satellite Io and its extension into the larger planetary magnetosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Infrared observations of eclipses of Io, its thermophysical parameters, and the thermal radiation of the Loki volcano and environs
William M. Sinton,C. Kaminski +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, at 3.45-30 microns using bolometer system No. 1 on the 3m IRTF telescope at Mauna Kea, the authors analyzed the least squares fitting of thermophysical models to the eclipse cooling and heating curves, thermal-radiation calculations for the Io volcanoes, and comparison with Voyager data.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-resolution infrared-spectroscopy of io and possible surface materials
TL;DR: A comparison of new spectra of Io with laboratory-simulated frosts confirms that the dominant materials on Io are SO2 frost in conjunction with a spectrally neutral material presumed to be sulfur as discussed by the authors.