Journal ArticleDOI
Levulinic acid production from wheat straw.
TLDR
The coefficient determination (R(2)) was good for the second-order model and the optimal conditions for levulinic acid production from wheat straw were 209.3 degrees C, 3.5% acid concentration, 15.6 liquid:solid ratio and 37.6 min of reaction time resulted 19.86% yield.About:
This article is published in Bioresource Technology.The article was published on 2007-05-01. It has received 247 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Levulinic acid & Straw.read more
Citations
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Levulinic acid from lignocellulosic biomass
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors defined optimum catalysts, reaction conditions and reactor configurations for the conversion of water hyacinth plant to LA, and applied a stepwise approach to investigate individual reactions in the overall reaction scheme separately.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct conversion of lignocellulose to levulinic acid catalyzed by ionic liquid.
TL;DR: The chemical structures and morphologies of the solid residues were investigated, demonstrating the gradual conversion process of cellulose and hemicellulose accompanied by the formation of humin byproducts, whereas the lignin fraction of the straw sustains the scaffold structure without modifications during the reaction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficient green catalysis for the conversion of fructose to levulinic acid
TL;DR: In this paper, an efficient and selective production of levulinic acid from D-fructose in the presence of polystyrene-based sulphonic acid resin catalyst, Dowex 50× 8-100, at mild reaction conditions of 120°C, over 24h in a 50:50 mixture of water/GVL resulting in 72% yield under optimized reaction conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
A microwave-assisted process for the in-situ production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural from lignocellulosic polysaccharides in a biphasic reaction system
TL;DR: In this paper, a biphasic reaction system was developed for the microwave-assisted production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis of levulinic acid from fructose using Amberlyst-15 as a solid acid catalyst
TL;DR: In this article, Levulinic acid was obtained from fructose over solid acid catalysts under mild reaction conditions in water, and the reaction was carried out at different temperatures and amounts of catalysts to find the best reaction conditions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Production of levulinic acid and use as a platform chemical for derived products
Joseph J. Bozell,Luc Moens,Douglas C. Elliott,Yong Wang,G.G Neuenscwander,S.W Fitzpatrick,R.J Bilski,J.L Jarnefeld +7 more
TL;DR: Levulinic acid (LA) can be converted to methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF), a solvent and fuel extender, using a single stage catalytic hydrogenation process as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
A response surface approach for the comparison of lipase production by Candida cylindracea using two different carbon sources
TL;DR: Medium containing olive oil appears to a better medium for fermentative production of C. cylindracea lipase than yeast extract, malt extract, peptone and tween 80, based on experimental conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanism of levulinic acid formation
TL;DR: Based on the intermediates revealed by 13C-NMR spectroscopy, the mechanism of levulinic acid formation in acid catalysed hydrolysis of 2-hydroxymethylfurane (1) and 5-hexyl carbaldehyde (2-carbaldehyde) is proposed in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental studies for levulinic acid production from whole kernel grain sorghum
Qi Fang,Milford A. Hanna +1 more
TL;DR: This study proposed a method of making levulinic acid using abundant and low cost whole kernel sorghum grain as the raw material and a linear regression model was capable of predicting the levulini acid yield with respect to effects of reaction temperature, mineral acid concentration and flour loading.