Journal ArticleDOI
Mapping brain morphological and functional conversion patterns in amnestic MCI: a voxel-based MRI and FDG-PET study
Silvia Morbelli,Arnoldo Piccardo,Giampiero Villavecchia,Barbara Dessi,Andrea Brugnolo,Alessandra Piccini,Anna Caroli,Giovanni B. Frisoni,Guido Rodriguez,Flavio Nobili +9 more
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TLDR
The discordant topography between atrophy and hypometabolism reported in AD is already present at the aMCI stage, and Posterior cingulate–precuneus hypometricabolism seemed to be an early sign of memory deficit, whereas hypometabolicism in the left temporal cortex marked the conversion to AD.Abstract:
To reveal the morphological and functional substrates of memory impairment and conversion to Alzheimer disease (AD) from the stage of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Brain MRI and FDG-PET were performed in 20 patients with aMCI and 12 controls at baseline. During a mean follow-up of about 2 years, 9 patients developed AD (converters), and 11 did not (nonconverters). All images were processed with SPM2. FDG-PET and segmented grey matter (GM) images were compared in: (1) converters versus controls, (2) nonconverters versus controls, and (3) converters versus nonconverters. As compared to controls, converters showed lower GM density in the left parahippocampal gyrus and both thalami, and hypometabolism in the precuneus, posterior cingulate and superior parietal lobule in the left hemisphere. Hypometabolism was found in nonconverters as compared to controls in the left precuneus and posterior cingulated gyrus. As compared to nonconverters, converters showed significant hypometabolism in the left middle and superior temporal gyri. The discordant topography between atrophy and hypometabolism reported in AD is already present at the aMCI stage. Posterior cingulate–precuneus hypometabolism seemed to be an early sign of memory deficit, whereas hypometabolism in the left temporal cortex marked the conversion to AD.read more
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Brain Insulin Resistance and Deficiency as Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's Disease
TL;DR: The contributions of impaired insulin and IGF signaling to AD-associated neuronal loss, synaptic disconnection, tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid-beta accumulation, and impaired energy metabolism are reviewed and current therapeutic strategies are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sequential relationships between grey matter and white matter atrophy and brain metabolic abnormalities in early Alzheimer's disease.
Nicolas Villain,Marine Fouquet,Jean-Claude Baron,Florence Mézenge,Brigitte Landeau,Vincent de la Sayette,Fausto Viader,Francis Eustache,Béatrice Desgranges,Gaël Chételat +9 more
TL;DR: The present study reinforces the relevance of remote mechanisms above local interactions to account for the pattern of metabolic brain alteration observed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and provides new avenues to assess the sequence of events in complex diseases characterized by multiple manifestations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glucose metabolism in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease: Methodological and physiological considerations for PET studies.
TL;DR: It is argued that altered bioenergetics may be an upstream event in those with a maternal history of late-onset AD, and biomarkers of AD have great potential for identifying AD endophenotypes in at-risk individuals, which may help direct investigation of potential susceptibility genes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contributions of Brain Insulin Resistance and Deficiency in Amyloid-Related Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease
TL;DR: The data strongly support the notion that the authors must shift toward the implementation of multimodal rather than unimodal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AD, and suggest that brain insulin resistance and deficiency must also be therapeutically targeted to halt AD progression or reverse its natural course.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parietal cortex matters in Alzheimer's disease: an overview of structural, functional and metabolic findings.
TL;DR: A model showing the relationship between the various pathological events, as measured by different neuroimaging techniques, in the development of AD is proposed, which suggests myelin breakdown is a beginning of the chain of pathological events leading to AD pathology and an AD diagnosis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Marshal F. Folstein,Marshal F. Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Susan E B Folstein,Paul R. McHugh,Paul R. McHugh +5 more
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
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Guy M. McKhann,David A. Drachman,Marshall F. Folstein,Robert Katzman,Donald L. Price,Emanuel M. Stadlan +5 more
TL;DR: The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
M. P. Lawton,Elmne M. Brody +1 more
TL;DR: Two scales first standardized on their own population are presented, one of which taps a level of functioning heretofore inadequately represented in attempts to assess everyday functional competence, and the other taps a schema of competence into which these behaviors fit.
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