Mechanisms of woody-plant mortality under rising drought, CO2 and vapour pressure deficit
Nate G. McDowell,Gerard Sapes,Alexandria L. Pivovaroff,Henry D. Adams,Craig D. Allen,William R. L. Anderegg,Matthias Arend,David D. Breshears,Timoty Brodribb,Brendan Choat,Hervé Cochard,Miquel De Cáceres,Martin G. De Kauwe,Charlotte Grossiord,William M. Hammond,Henrik Hartmann,Günter Hoch,Ansgar Kahmen,Tamir Klein,D. Scott Mackay,Marylou Mantova,Jordi Martínez-Vilalta,Belinda E. Medlyn,Maurizio Mencuccini,Andrea Nardini,Rafael S. Oliveira,Anna Sala,David T. Tissue,José M. Torres-Ruiz,Amy M. Trowbridge,Anna T. Trugman,Erin Wiley,Chonggang Xu +32 more
TLDR
In this paper , the authors synthesize knowledge of drought-related tree mortality under a warming and drying atmosphere with rising atmospheric CO2, and outline the mechanisms leading to mortality, including carbon starvation and hydraulic failure.Abstract:
Drought-associated woody-plant mortality has been increasing in most regions with multi-decadal records and is projected to increase in the future, impacting terrestrial climate forcing, biodiversity and resource availability. The mechanisms underlying such mortality, however, are debated, owing to complex interactions between the drivers and the processes. In this Review, we synthesize knowledge of drought-related tree mortality under a warming and drying atmosphere with rising atmospheric CO2. Drought-associated mortality results from water and carbon depletion and declines in their fluxes relative to demand by living tissues. These pools and fluxes are interdependent and underlay plant defences against biotic agents. Death via failure to maintain a positive water balance is particularly dependent on soil-to-root conductance, capacitance, vulnerability to hydraulic failure, cuticular water losses and dehydration tolerance, all of which could be exacerbated by reduced carbon supply rates to support cellular survival or the carbon starvation process. The depletion of plant water and carbon pools is accelerated under rising vapour pressure deficit, but increasing CO2 can mitigate these impacts. Advancing knowledge and reducing predictive uncertainties requires the integration of carbon, water and defensive processes, and the use of a range of experimental and modelling approaches. Enhanced drought frequency and magnitude have impacted tree mortality, leading to multiple examples of regional-scale dieback. This Review outlines the mechanisms leading to mortality, including carbon starvation and hydraulic failure. read more
Citations
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Plants’ Physio-Biochemical and Phyto-Hormonal Responses to Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress: A Comprehensive Review
Abdul Wahab,Gholamreza Abdi,Muhammad Hamzah Saleem,Baber Ali,Saqib Ahsan Ullah,Wadood Ali Shah,Sahar Mumtaz,Ghulam Yasin,Crina Muresan,Romina Alina Marc +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper , a review aims to collect data from various published studies in the literature to understand and critically analyze plants' morphological, growth, yield, and physio-biochemical responses to drought stress and their potential to modulate and nullify the damaging effects of drought stress via activating natural physiological and biochemical mechanisms.
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Drought legacies and ecosystem responses to subsequent drought
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors synthesize current knowledge on drought legacies and the underlying mechanisms and highlight the relevance of legacy duration to different ecosystem processes using examples of carbon cycling and community composition.
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Lack of hydraulic recovery as a cause of post‐drought foliage reduction and canopy decline in European beech
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used the Swiss-Canopy-crane II site and studied in branches of healthy and symptomatic trees the repair of hydraulic function and concentration of carbohydrates during the 2018 European drought and in 2019.
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Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress
Paul E. Verslues,Julia Bailey-Serres,Craig R. Brodersen,Thomas N. Buckley,Lucio Conti,Alexander Christmann,José R. Dinneny,Erwin Grill,Scott Hayes,Robert W. Heckman,Po-Kai Hsu,Thomas E. Juenger,Paloma Mas,Teun Munnik,Hilde Nelissen,Lawren Sack,Julian I. Schroeder,Christa Testerink,Stephen D. Tyerman,Taishi Umezawa,Philip A. Wigge +20 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology, including the need to better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; how environmental signals interface with endogenous signaling and development; and how this integrated signaling controls downstream responses.
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Processes and mechanisms of coastal woody‐plant mortality
Nate G. McDowell,Marilyn C. Ball,Ben Bond-Lamberty,Matthew L. Kirwan,Ken W. Krauss,J. Patrick Megonigal,Maurizio Mencuccini,Nicholas D. Ward,Michael N. Weintraub,Vanessa L. Bailey +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors synthesize the literature on the mechanisms that underlie coastal woody plant mortality, with the goal of producing a testable hypothesis framework, including hypoxic, osmotic, and ionic driven reductions in whole plant hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis that ultimately drive the coupled processes of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation.
References
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