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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0

TLDR
An advanced version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software, which currently contains facilities for building sequence alignments, inferring phylogenetic histories, and conducting molecular evolutionary analysis, is released, which enables the inference of timetrees, as it implements the RelTime method for estimating divergence times for all branching points in a phylogeny.
Abstract
We announce the release of an advanced version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, which currently contains facilities for building sequence alignments, inferring phylogenetic histories, and conducting molecular evolutionary analysis. In version 6.0, MEGA now enables the inference of timetrees, as it implements the RelTime method for estimating divergence times for all branching points in a phylogeny. A new Timetree Wizard in MEGA6 facilitates this timetree inference by providing a graphical user interface (GUI) to specify the phylogeny and calibration constraints step-by-step. This version also contains enhanced algorithms to search for the optimal trees under evolutionary criteria and implements a more advanced memory management that can double the size of sequence data sets to which MEGA can be applied. Both GUI and command-line versions of MEGA6 can be downloaded from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.

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The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family in plants

TL;DR: This review categorizes plant MATE transporters according to their physiological roles and summarizes their tissue specificity, membrane localization, and transport substrates.
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and biosurfactant production by a newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain from used motor oil-contaminated soil

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The gut microbiota of insecticide-resistant insects houses insecticide-degrading bacteria: A potential source for biotechnological exploitation.

TL;DR: Res resistant strains of S. frugiperda are an excellent reservoir of insecticide-degrading bacteria with bioremediation potential, and gut-associated bacteria are subjected to the selection pressure imposed by insecticides on their hosts and may influence the metabolization of pesticides in insects.
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Targeted disruption of sp7 and myostatin with CRISPR-Cas9 results in severe bone defects and more muscular cells in common carp.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that both TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9 are highly efficient tools for modifying the common carp genome, and open avenues for facilitating common carp genetic studies and breeding.
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Chloroplast genomic resources for phylogeny and DNA barcoding: a case study on Fritillaria.

TL;DR: This study provides comprehensive chloroplast genomic resources, which will be valuable for future studies of evolution and species identification in Fritillaria.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods

TL;DR: The newest addition in MEGA5 is a collection of maximum likelihood (ML) analyses for inferring evolutionary trees, selecting best-fit substitution models, inferring ancestral states and sequences, and estimating evolutionary rates site-by-site.
Journal ArticleDOI

MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment

TL;DR: An overview of the statistical methods, computational tools, and visual exploration modules for data input and the results obtainable in MEGA is provided.
Book

The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution

Motoo Kimura
TL;DR: The neutral theory as discussed by the authors states that the great majority of evolutionary changes at the molecular level are caused not by Darwinian selection but by random drift of selectively neutral mutants, which has caused controversy ever since.
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