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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0

TLDR
An advanced version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software, which currently contains facilities for building sequence alignments, inferring phylogenetic histories, and conducting molecular evolutionary analysis, is released, which enables the inference of timetrees, as it implements the RelTime method for estimating divergence times for all branching points in a phylogeny.
Abstract
We announce the release of an advanced version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, which currently contains facilities for building sequence alignments, inferring phylogenetic histories, and conducting molecular evolutionary analysis. In version 6.0, MEGA now enables the inference of timetrees, as it implements the RelTime method for estimating divergence times for all branching points in a phylogeny. A new Timetree Wizard in MEGA6 facilitates this timetree inference by providing a graphical user interface (GUI) to specify the phylogeny and calibration constraints step-by-step. This version also contains enhanced algorithms to search for the optimal trees under evolutionary criteria and implements a more advanced memory management that can double the size of sequence data sets to which MEGA can be applied. Both GUI and command-line versions of MEGA6 can be downloaded from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.

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A year of monitoring 20 mesophilic full-scale bioreactors reveals the existence of stable but different core microbiomes in bio-waste and wastewater anaerobic digestion systems

TL;DR: Characterised microbial communities in different AD systems that were monitored over a 1-year period andidences were shown to support the concept of a core community driving the AD process, whereas the vast majority of dominant microorganisms remain yet to be characterised.
Journal ArticleDOI

Reconciling Conflicting Phylogenies in the Origin of Sweet Potato and Dispersal to Polynesia

TL;DR: Evidence that the sweet potato was present in Polynesia in pre-human times is provided, negates the need to invoke ancient human-mediated transport as an explanation for its presence inPolynesia and question the existence of pre-Columbian contacts between Polynesia and the American continent.
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Importin α: a key molecule in nuclear transport and non-transport functions

TL;DR: Importin α performs the indispensable role of ferrying proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus with a transport carrier, importin β1 as mentioned in this paper, and has been shown to serve non-transport functions.
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Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa KUPSB12 with antibacterial potential from river Ganga, India

TL;DR: The identified strain KUPSB12 strain showed the wide inhibitory spectrum against all tested pathogenic bacterial stains and may be utilized for screening the antibacterial substances to formulate new treatments for infections caused by pathogenic bacteria.
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In situ architecture, function, and evolution of a contractile injection system

TL;DR: Cryo-focused ion beam milling, electron cryotomography, and functional assays are used to resolve the structure and function of a type 6 secretion system in Amoebophilus asiaticus and reveal the structure, dynamics, and evolution of apparatus attachment to the target membrane.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods

TL;DR: The newest addition in MEGA5 is a collection of maximum likelihood (ML) analyses for inferring evolutionary trees, selecting best-fit substitution models, inferring ancestral states and sequences, and estimating evolutionary rates site-by-site.
Journal ArticleDOI

MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment

TL;DR: An overview of the statistical methods, computational tools, and visual exploration modules for data input and the results obtainable in MEGA is provided.
Book

The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution

Motoo Kimura
TL;DR: The neutral theory as discussed by the authors states that the great majority of evolutionary changes at the molecular level are caused not by Darwinian selection but by random drift of selectively neutral mutants, which has caused controversy ever since.
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