Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNA therapeutics: towards a new era for the management of cancer and other diseases
TLDR
Recent advances in the understanding of miRNAs in cancer and in other diseases are described and the challenge of identifying the most efficacious therapeutic candidates is discussed and a perspective on achieving safe and targeted delivery of miRNA therapeutics is provided.Abstract:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can modulate mRNA expression. Insights into the roles of miRNAs in development and disease have led to the development of new therapeutic approaches that are based on miRNA mimics or agents that inhibit their functions (antimiRs), and the first such approaches have entered the clinic. This Review discusses the role of different miRNAs in cancer and other diseases, and provides an overview of current miRNA therapeutics in the clinic. In just over two decades since the discovery of the first microRNA (miRNA), the field of miRNA biology has expanded considerably. Insights into the roles of miRNAs in development and disease, particularly in cancer, have made miRNAs attractive tools and targets for novel therapeutic approaches. Functional studies have confirmed that miRNA dysregulation is causal in many cases of cancer, with miRNAs acting as tumour suppressors or oncogenes (oncomiRs), and miRNA mimics and molecules targeted at miRNAs (antimiRs) have shown promise in preclinical development. Several miRNA-targeted therapeutics have reached clinical development, including a mimic of the tumour suppressor miRNA miR-34, which reached phase I clinical trials for treating cancer, and antimiRs targeted at miR-122, which reached phase II trials for treating hepatitis. In this article, we describe recent advances in our understanding of miRNAs in cancer and in other diseases and provide an overview of current miRNA therapeutics in the clinic. We also discuss the challenge of identifying the most efficacious therapeutic candidates and provide a perspective on achieving safe and targeted delivery of miRNA therapeutics.read more
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miRTarBase update 2018: a resource for experimentally validated microRNA-target interactions.
Chih Hung Chou,Sirjana Shrestha,Chi Dung Yang,Chi Dung Yang,Nai-Wen Chang,Yu Ling Lin,Kuang-Wen Liao,Wei Chi Huang,Ting Hsuan Sun,Siang Jyun Tu,Wei Hsiang Lee,Wei Hsiang Lee,Men Yee Chiew,Chun San Tai,Ting-Yen Wei,Tzi Ren Tsai,Hsin Tzu Huang,Chung Yu Wang,Hsin Yi Wu,Shu Yi Ho,Pin Rong Chen,Cheng Hsun Chuang,Pei Jung Hsieh,Yi Shin Wu,Wen-Liang Chen,Meng Ju Li,Meng Ju Li,Yu Chun Wu,Xin Yi Huang,Fung Ling Ng,Waradee Buddhakosai,Pei Chun Huang,Kuan Chun Lan,Chia-Yen Huang,Shun Long Weng,Yeong Nan Cheng,Chao Liang,Wen-Lian Hsu,Hsien Da Huang +38 more
TL;DR: An updated database containing 422 517 curated MTIs from 4076 miRNAs and 23 054 target genes collected from over 8500 articles is described, which serves as more comprehensively annotated, experimentally validated miRNA-target interactions databases in the field of miRNA related research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of microRNA function in animals
Gebert Lfr,Ian J. MacRae +1 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms that modulate miRNA activity, stability and cellular localization through alternative processing and maturation, sequence editing, post-translational modifications of Argonaute proteins, subcellular localization and regulation of miRNA–target interactions are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-coding RNA networks in cancer.
TL;DR: A deeper understanding of the complex networks of interactions that ncRNAs coordinate would provide a unique opportunity to design better therapeutic interventions.
Journal ArticleDOI
An overview of microRNAs: Biology, functions, therapeutics, and analysis methods
TL;DR: Altered of miRNAs following exercise, their association with diseases, and therapeutic potential will be explained, and miRNA bioinformatics tools and conventional methods for miRNA detection and quantification will be discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The current state and future directions of RNAi-based therapeutics.
TL;DR: This Review discusses key advances in the design and development of RNAi drugs leading up to this landmark achievement, the state of the current clinical pipeline and prospects for future advances, including novel RNAi pathway agents utilizing mechanisms beyond post-translational RNAi silencing.
References
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The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy
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Predicting effective microRNA target sites in mammalian mRNAs
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