Molecular viral oncology of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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TLDR
A review of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in primary hepatocellular carcinoma, using a viral perspective, finds features that unify HCC occurring in a background of viral hepatitis B and C.Abstract:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer, but the third leading cause of cancer death, in the world, with more than 500,000 fatalities annually. The major etiology of HCC/liver cancer in people is hepatitis B virus (HBV), followed by hepatitis C virus infection (HCV), although nonviral causes also play a role in a minority of cases. Recent molecular studies confirm what was suspected: that HCC tissue from different individuals have many phenotypic differences. However, there are clearly features that unify HCC occurring in a background of viral hepatitis B and C. HCC due to HBV and HCV may be an indirect result of enhanced hepatocyte turnover that occurs in an effort to replace infected cells that have been immunologically attacked. Viral functions may also play a more direct role in mediating oncogenesis. This review considers the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in primary hepatocellular carcinoma, using a viral perspective.read more
Citations
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NF-κB functions as a tumour promoter in inflammation-associated cancer
Eli Pikarsky,Rinnat M. Porat,Ilan Stein,Rinat Abramovitch,Sharon Amit,Shafika Kasem,Elena Gutkovich-Pyest,Simcha Urieli-Shoval,Eithan Galun,Yinon Ben-Neriah +9 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the inflammatory process triggers hepatocyte NF-κB through upregulation of tumour-necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in adjacent endothelial and inflammatory cells, and is therefore a potential target for cancer prevention in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis: from genes to environment
TL;DR: The current state of knowledge of hepatitis C, the most common and dreaded liver neoplasm, is summarized, and the principal challenges and scientific opportunities that are relevant to controlling this accelerating global health crisis are highlighted.
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Inflammation, a key event in cancer development.
TL;DR: Several recent studies have identified nuclear factor-κB as a key modulator in driving inflammation to cancers, and other proteins with extensive roles in inflammation and cancer, such as signal transducers and activators of transcription, Nrf2, and nuclear factor of activated T cells, are proposed to be promising targets for future studies.
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NF-κB and STAT3 - key players in liver inflammation and cancer.
Guobin He,Michael Karin +1 more
TL;DR: This review will focus on recent studies on the roles of NF-κB and STAT3 in liver cancer and interactions between the two pathways and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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The Incidence and Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Global and Regional Perspective
TL;DR: A new and global approach to the study of HCC epidemiology is required if HCC disease prevention and treatment strategies are to be adequately directed and supported in coming years.
References
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Replication of Subgenomic Hepatitis C Virus RNAs in a Hepatoma Cell Line
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