Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple origins of the cortical gamma rhythm
TLDR
It is concluded that most massively parallel brain regions have different mechanisms of gamma rhythm generation, that different mechanisms have distinct functional correlates, and that switching between different local modes of gamma generation may be an effective way to direct cortical communication streams.Abstract:
Gamma rhythms (30–80 Hz) are a near-ubiquitous feature of neuronal population activity in mammalian cortices. Their dynamic properties permit the synchronization of neuronal responses to sensory input within spatially distributed networks, transient formation of local neuronal “cell assemblies,” and coherent response patterns essential for intercortical regional communication. Each of these phenomena form part of a working hypothesis for cognitive function in cortex. All forms of physiological gamma rhythm are inhibition based, being characterized by rhythmic trains of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in populations of principal neurons. It is these repeating periods of relative enhancement and attenuation of the responsivity of major cell groups in cortex that provides a temporal structure shared across many millions of neurons. However, when considering the origins of these repeating trains of inhibitory events considerable divergence is seen depending on cortical region studied and mode of activation of gamma rhythm generating networks. Here, we review the evidence for involvement of multiple subtypes of interneuron and focus on different modes of activation of these cells. We conclude that most massively parallel brain regions have different mechanisms of gamma rhythm generation, that different mechanisms have distinct functional correlates, and that switching between different local modes of gamma generation may be an effective way to direct cortical communication streams. Finally, we suggest that developmental disruption of the endophenotype for certain subsets of gamma-generating interneuron may underlie cognitive deficit in psychiatric illness. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 92–106, 2011read more
Citations
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Hippocampal sharp wave‐ripple: A cognitive biomarker for episodic memory and planning
TL;DR: Alteration of the physiological mechanisms supporting SPW‐Rs leads to their pathological conversion, “p‐ripples,” which are a marker of epileptogenic tissue and can be observed in rodent models of schizophrenia and Alzheimer's Disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Control of Sleep and Wakefulness
TL;DR: Genetic studies suggest that brain mechanisms controlling waking and NREM sleep are strongly conserved throughout evolution, underscoring their enormous importance for brain function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: characteristics, causes and the quest for improved therapy
Millan Mark,Yves Agid,Martin Brüne,Edward T. Bullmore,Cameron S. Carter,Nicola S. Clayton,Richard C. Connor,Sabrina Davis,Bill Deakin,Robert J. DeRubeis,Bruno Dubois,Mark A. Geyer,Guy M. Goodwin,Philip Gorwood,Thérèse M. Jay,Marian Joëls,Isabelle M. Mansuy,Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg,Declan G. Murphy,Edmund T. Rolls,Bernd Saletu,Michael Spedding,John A. Sweeney,Miles A. Whittington,Larry J. Young +24 more
TL;DR: This article critically discusses the challenges and opportunities for improving cognition in individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders, highlighting the needs to characterize the cellular and cerebral circuits underpinning cognitive function and identify more effective treatments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Different origins of gamma rhythm and high-gamma activity in macaque visual cortex.
Supratim Ray,John H. R. Maunsell +1 more
TL;DR: High-gamma (80–200 Hz) activity can be dissociated from gamma rhythms in the monkey cortex, and appears largely to reflect spiking activity in the vicinity of the electrode.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perineuronal nets protect fast-spiking interneurons against oxidative stress
Jan-Harry Cabungcal,Pascal Steullet,Hirofumi Morishita,Rudolf Kraftsik,Michel Cuenod,Takao K. Hensch,Takao K. Hensch,Kim Q. Do +7 more
TL;DR: Using mice carrying a genetic redox imbalance, it is demonstrated that extracellular perineuronal nets, which constitute a specialized polyanionic matrix enwrapping most of these interneurons as they mature, play a critical role in the protection against oxidative stress.
References
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Stimulus-specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex
Charles M. Gray,Wolf Singer +1 more
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that local neuronal populations in the visual cortex engage in stimulus-specific synchronous oscillations resulting from an intracortical mechanism, and may provide a general mechanism by which activity patterns in spatially separate regions of the cortex are temporally coordinated.
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Coherent oscillations: A mechanism of feature linking in the visual cortex?
Reinhard Eckhorn,Roman Bauer,W. Jordan,Michael Brosch,Wolfgang Kruse,Matthias H. J. Munk,H. J. Reitboeck +6 more
TL;DR: This work assumes that the coherence of SE-resonances is mediated by recurrent excitatory intra- and inter-areal connections via phase locking between assemblies that represent the linking features of the actual visual scene.