Neuropeptide S is a stimulatory anxiolytic agent: a behavioural study in mice
Anna Rizzi,Raffaella Vergura,Giuliano Marzola,Chiara Ruzza,Remo Guerrini,Severo Salvadori,Domenico Regoli,Girolamo Calo +7 more
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TLDR
The effects of in vivo supraspinal NPS in mice are evaluated and it is shown that in vivo NPS produces a unique behavioural profile by increasing wakefulness and exerting anxiolytic‐like effects.Abstract:
Background and purpose:
Neuropeptide S (NPS) was recently identified as the endogenous ligand of an orphan receptor, now referred to as the NPS receptor. In vivo, NPS produces a unique behavioural profile by increasing wakefulness and exerting anxiolytic-like effects. In the present study, we further evaluated the effects of in vivo supraspinal NPS in mice.
Experimental approach:
Effects of NPS, injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), on locomotor activity (LA), righting reflex (RR) recovery and on anxiety states (measured with the elevated plus maze (EPM) and stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) tests) were assessed in Swiss mice.
Key results:
NPS (0.01–1 nmol per mouse) caused a significant increase in LA in naive mice, in mice habituated to the test cages and in animals sedated with diazepam (5 mg kg−1). In the RR assay, NPS dose dependently reduced the proportion of animals losing the RR in response to diazepam (15 mg kg−1) and their sleeping time. In the EPM and SIH test, NPS dose dependently evoked anxiolytic-like effects by increasing the time spent by animals in the open arms and reducing the SIH response, respectively.
Conclusions and implications:
We provide further evidence that NPS acts as a novel modulator of arousal and anxiety-related behaviours by promoting a unique pattern of effects: stimulation associated with anxiolysis. Therefore, NPS receptor ligands may represent innovative drugs for the treatment of sleep and anxiety disorders.
British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 154, 471–479; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.96; published online 31 March 2008read more
Citations
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The hypothalamic mechanism of neuropeptide S-induced satiety in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) involves the paraventricular nucleus and corticotropin-releasing factor
TL;DR: Results support that NPS induces an anorexigenic response in Japanese quail that is mediated within the PVN and is associated with CRF.
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Neuropeptide S Encodes Stimulus Salience in the Paraventricular Thalamus
TL;DR: In this article , the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus has been identified as an integrator of stimulus salience, but the neurochemical basis and afferent input regarding salience signaling have remained elusive.
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Neuropeptide S-Mediated Modulation of Prepulse Inhibition Depends on Age, Gender, Stimulus-Timing, and Attention.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of neuropeptide S (NPS) in the prepulse inhibition (PPI) paradigm in mice were evaluated and it was shown that NPS appears to positively modulate PPI in young animals, whereas compensatory mechanisms may alleviate NPS-dependent deficits in older mice.
Book ChapterDOI
Small Molecule Neuropeptide S and Melanocortin 4 Receptor Ligands as Potential Treatments for Substance Use Disorders.
Bruce E. Blough,Ojas A. Namjoshi +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter provides an overview of the literature in relation to the roles of NPS and MC4 in drug-seeking behaviors and then provides a medicinal chemistry-based survey of the small molecule ligands for each receptor.
References
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Validation of open:closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat.
TL;DR: A novel test for the selective identification of anxiolytic and anxiogenic drug effects in the rat is described, using an elevated + -maze consisting of two open arms and two enclosed arms, which showed that behaviour on the maze was not clearly correlated either with exploratory head-dipping or spontaneous locomotor activity.
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International Union of Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification. XXXVIII. Update on Terms and Symbols in Quantitative Pharmacology
TL;DR: The recommendations that follow have been updated from the proposals of a Technical Subcommittee set up by the International Union of Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuropeptide S: A Neuropeptide Promoting Arousal and Anxiolytic-like Effects
Yan Ling Xu,Rainer K. Reinscheid,Salvador Huitron-Resendiz,Stewart D. Clark,Zhiwei Wang,Steven H.S. Lin,Fernando A. Brucher,Joanne Zeng,Nga Kim Ly,Steven J. Henriksen,Luis de Lecea,Olivier Civelli +11 more
TL;DR: It is reported that a neuropeptide, NPS, potently modulates wakefulness and could also regulate anxiety, and it is shown that the LC region encompasses distinct nuclei expressing different arousal-promoting neurotransmitters.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of a common susceptibility locus for asthma-related traits
Tarja Laitinen,Anne Polvi,Pia Rydman,Johanna Vendelin,Ville Pulkkinen,Paula Salmikangas,Siru Mäkelä,Marko Rehn,Asta Pirskanen,Anna Rautanen,Marco Zucchelli,Harriet Gullstén,Harriet Gullstén,Marina Leino,Harri Alenius,Tuula Petäys,Tari Haahtela,Annika Laitinen,Catherine Laprise,Thomas J. Hudson,Lauri A. Laitinen,Juha Kere,Juha Kere +22 more
TL;DR: In three cohorts from Finland and Canada, single nucleotide polymorphism–tagged haplotypes associated with high serum immunoglobulin E or asthma or asthma implicate GPRA in the pathogenesis of atopy and asthma.