New insights into plastid nucleoid structure and functionality.
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TLDR
Proteomic studies have indicated that plastid nucleoids are an evolutionary hybrid possessing prokaryotic nucleoid features and eukaryotic (nuclear) chromatin components, several of which are dually targeted to the nucleus and chloroplasts.Abstract:
Investigations over many decades have revealed that nucleoids of higher plant plastids are highly dynamic with regard to their number, their structural organization and protein composition. Membrane attachment and environmental cues seem to determine the activity and functionality of the nucleoids and point to a highly regulated structure-function relationship. The heterogeneous composition and the many functions that are seemingly associated with the plastid nucleoids could be related to the high number of chromosomes per plastid. Recent proteomic studies have brought novel nucleoid-associated proteins into the spotlight and indicated that plastid nucleoids are an evolutionary hybrid possessing prokaryotic nucleoid features and eukaryotic (nuclear) chromatin components, several of which are dually targeted to the nucleus and chloroplasts. Future studies need to unravel if and how plastid-nucleus communication depends on nucleoid structure and plastid gene expression.read more
Citations
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Chloroplast RNA polymerases: Role in chloroplast biogenesis
TL;DR: Both PEP and NEP are active in non-green plastids and in chloroplasts at all stages of development and the transcriptional activity of NEP and PEP is affected by endogenous and exogenous factors.
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A Series of Fortunate Events: Introducing Chlamydomonas as a Reference Organism
TL;DR: A historical retrospective of the rise of C. reinhardtii is presented to illuminate its past and present and resources for current and future scientists who may wish to expand their studies to the realm of microalgae are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
DNA maintenance in plastids and mitochondria of plants.
TL;DR: In contrast to the stable chromosomal DNA molecules in bacteria and the plant nucleus, the molecular integrity of orgDNA declines during leaf development at a rate that varies among plant species, with a proposed repair cost-saving benefit most evident in grasses.
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Chloroplast evolution, structure and functions
Poul Erik Jensen,Dario Leister +1 more
TL;DR: This review considers a selection of recent advances in chloroplast biology, and discusses the first successful synthetic biology approaches that resulted in chloroplasts in which electrons from the photosynthetic light reactions are fed to enzymes derived from secondary metabolism.
Journal ArticleDOI
DNA Repair and the Stability of the Plant Mitochondrial Genome.
TL;DR: Some of the characteristics of plant organellar genomes and of the repair pathways found in plant mitochondria are reviewed and how homologous recombination is involved in the evolution of the plant mtDNA is discussed.
References
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Bacterial nucleoid-associated proteins, nucleoid structure and gene expression
TL;DR: NAP biology is considered from the standpoints of both gene regulation and nucleoid structure to show that nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) and transcription contribute in combination to the dynamic nature of nucleoids structure.
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Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins: a socket set for organelle gene expression.
TL;DR: Several recent papers are discussed that cover the evolutionary history and molecular mode of action of Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins, and propose hypotheses for their physiological roles that could explain why PPR proteins are so numerous in terrestrial plants.
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Photosynthetic control of chloroplast gene expression
TL;DR: Here it is shown that the redox state of plastoquinone also controls the rate of transcription of genes encoding reaction-centre apoproteins of photosystem I and photosystem II, and the stoichiometry between the two photosystems changes in a way that counteracts the inefficiency produced when either photosystem limits the rates of the other.
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pTAC2, -6, and -12 Are Components of the Transcriptionally Active Plastid Chromosome That Are Required for Plastid Gene Expression
TL;DR: The plastid transcriptionally active chromosome proteins (pTACs) as mentioned in this paper have been shown to be involved in post-transcriptional processes, such as RNA processing and/or mRNA stability.
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The Layered Structure of Human Mitochondrial DNA Nucleoids
TL;DR: It is shown that an N-terminal domain of ATAD3 previously proposed to bind to the mtDNA D-loop is directed away from the mitochondrial matrix, so it is unlikely to interact with mtDNA in vivo.