Journal ArticleDOI
NF-kappa B and Rel proteins: evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses
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TLDR
Recently, significant advances have been made in elucidating the details of the pathways through which signals are transmitted to the NF-kappa B:I kappa B complex in the cytosol and their implications for the study of NF-Kappa B.Abstract:
▪ Abstract The transcription factor NF-κB, more than a decade after its discovery, remains an exciting and active area of study. The involvement of NF-κB in the expression of numerous cytokines and adhesion molecules has supported its role as an evolutionarily conserved coordinating element in the organism's response to situations of infection, stress, and injury. Recently, significant advances have been made in elucidating the details of the pathways through which signals are transmitted to the NF-κB:IκB complex in the cytosol. The field now awaits the discovery and characterization of the kinase responsible for the inducible phosphorylation of IκB proteins. Another exciting development has been the demonstration that in certain situations NF-κB acts as an anti-apoptotic protein; therefore, elucidation of the mechanism by which NF-κB protects against cell death is an important goal. Finally, the generation of knockouts of members of the NF-κB/IκB family has allowed the study of the roles of these protein...read more
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Innate Immune Recognition
TL;DR: Microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors helps to direct adaptive immune responses to antigens derived from microbial pathogens to distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self.
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Toll-like receptors.
TL;DR: This unit discusses mammalian Toll receptors (TLR1‐10) that have an essential role in the innate immune recognition of microorganisms and are discussed are TLR‐mediated signaling pathways and antibodies that are available to detect specific TLRs.
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Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-[kappa]B activity.
Michael Karin,Yinon Ben-Neriah +1 more
TL;DR: Recent progress has been made in understanding the details of the signaling pathways that regulate NF-kappaB activity, particularly those responding to the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1.
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NF-κB-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses
TL;DR: A role is proposed for miR-146 in control of Toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling through a negative feedback regulation loop involving down-regulation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and TNF receptor- associated factor 6 protein levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Signaling to NF-kappaB.
Matthew S. Hayden,Sankar Ghosh +1 more
TL;DR: An overview of established NF-kappaB signaling pathways is provided with focus on the current state of research into the mechanisms that regulate IKK activation and NF- kappaB transcriptional activity.
References
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The oncoprotein Bcl-3 directly transactivates through κB motifs via association with DNA-binding p50B homodimers
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TL;DR: The structure of a large fragment of the p50 subunit of the human transcription factor NF-κB, bound as a homodimer to DNA, reveals that the Rel-homology region has two β-barrel domains that grip DNA in the major groove.
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John Ryals,Kris Weymann,Kay A. Lawton,Leslie Friedrich,Daniel Murray Ellis,Henry York Steiner,Jay V. Johnson,Terrence P. Delaney,Taco Jesse,Pieter Vos,Scott Uknes +10 more
TL;DR: Interestingly, the NIM1 protein shows sequence homology to the mammalian signal transduction factor I kappa B subclass alpha, suggesting that the SAR signaling pathway in plants is representative of an ancient and ubiquitous defense mechanism in higher organisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Involvement of CRAF1, a relative of TRAF, in CD40 signaling
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Journal ArticleDOI
Constitutive NF-kappa B activation, enhanced granulopoiesis, and neonatal lethality in I kappa B alpha-deficient mice.
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