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Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence
Susanne Rösner,Andrea Hackl-Herrwerth,Stefan Leucht,Simona Vecchi,Manit Srisurapanont,Michael Soyka +5 more
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Findings support that short-term treatment of NTX decreases the chance of alcohol relapses for 36% (number-needed-to-treat or NNT = 7) and likely to reduce the chances of returning to drinking for 13% (NNT = 12), and NTX treatment can lower the risk of treatment withdrawal in alcohol-dependent patients for 28% (NTT = 13).Abstract:
Alcohol dependence belongs to the globally leading health risk factors Therapeutic success of psychosocial programs for relapse prevention is moderate and could be increased by an adjuvant treatment with the opioid antagonists naltrexone and nalmefene
The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness and tolerability of opioid antagonists in the treatment of alcohol dependenceread more
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Industry sponsorship and research outcome
TL;DR: The analyses suggest the existence of an industry bias that cannot be explained by standard 'Risk of bias' assessments.
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Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies and programmes to reduce the harm caused by alcohol
TL;DR: School-based education does not reduce alcohol-related harm, although public information and education-type programmes have a role in providing information and in increasing attention and acceptance of alcohol on political and public agendas.
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American association of clinical endocrinologists and american college of endocrinology comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for medical care of patients with obesity.
W. Timothy Garvey,Jeffrey I. Mechanick,Elise M. Brett,Alan J. Garber,Daniel L. Hurley,Ania M. Jastreboff,Karl Nadolsky,Rachel Pessah-Pollack,Raymond A Plodkowski +8 more
TL;DR: The final recommendations recognize that obesity is a complex, adiposity-based chronic disease, where management targets both weight-related complications and adiposity to improve overall health and quality of life.
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Treatment and prevention of mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries
Vikram Patel,Ricardo Araya,Sudipto Chatterjee,Dan Chisholm,Alex S. Cohen,Mary De Silva,Clemens M. H. Hosman,Hugh McGuire,Graciela Rojas,Mark van Ommeren +9 more
TL;DR: It is recommended that policymakers should act on the available evidence to scale up effective and cost-effective treatments and preventive interventions for mental disorders and community-based rehabilitation models provide a low-cost, integrative framework for care of children and adults with chronic mental disabilities.
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Alcoholism: a systems approach from molecular physiology to addictive behavior.
TL;DR: This review adheres to a systems biology perspective such that the interaction of alcohol with primary and secondary targets within the brain is described in relation to the behavioral consequences.
References
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Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement
TL;DR: Moher et al. as mentioned in this paper introduce PRISMA, an update of the QUOROM guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which is used in this paper.
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Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
TL;DR: A new quantity is developed, I 2, which the authors believe gives a better measure of the consistency between trials in a meta-analysis, which is susceptible to the number of trials included in the meta- analysis.
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A power primer.
TL;DR: A convenient, although not comprehensive, presentation of required sample sizes is providedHere the sample sizes necessary for .80 power to detect effects at these levels are tabled for eight standard statistical tests.
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Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
TL;DR: Funnel plots, plots of the trials' effect estimates against sample size, are skewed and asymmetrical in the presence of publication bias and other biases Funnel plot asymmetry, measured by regression analysis, predicts discordance of results when meta-analyses are compared with single large trials.
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Meta-Analysis in Clinical Trials*
TL;DR: This paper examines eight published reviews each reporting results from several related trials in order to evaluate the efficacy of a certain treatment for a specified medical condition and suggests a simple noniterative procedure for characterizing the distribution of treatment effects in a series of studies.
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