Journal ArticleDOI
Population biology of infectious diseases: Part II
Robert M. May,Roy M. Anderson +1 more
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Consideration is given to the relation between the ecology and evolution of the transmission processes and the overall dynamics, and to the mechanisms that can produce cyclic patterns, or multiple stable states, in the levels of infection in the host population.Abstract:
If the host population is taken to be a dynamic variable (rather than constant, as conventionally assumed), a wider understanding of the population biology of infectious diseases emerges. In this first part of a two-part article, mathematical models are developed, shown to fit data from laboratory experiments, and used to explore the evolutionary relations among transmission parameters. In the second part of the article, to be published in next week's issue, the models are extended to include indirectly transmitted infections, and the general implications for infectious diseases are considered.read more
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The Mathematics of Infectious Diseases
TL;DR: Threshold theorems involving the basic reproduction number, the contact number, and the replacement number $R$ are reviewed for classic SIR epidemic and endemic models and results with new expressions for $R_{0}$ are obtained for MSEIR and SEIR endemic models with either continuous age or age groups.
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Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wildlife-- Threats to Biodiversity and Human Health
TL;DR: These phenomena have two major biological implications: many wildlife species are reservoirs of pathogens that threaten domestic animal and human health; second, wildlife EIDs pose a substantial threat to the conservation of global biodiversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heritable true fitness and bright birds: a role for parasites?
William D. Hamilton,Marlene Zuk +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of seven surveys of blood parasites in North American passerines reveals weak, highly significant association over species between incidence of chronic blood infections (five genera of protozoa and one nematode) and striking display (three characters: male "brightness", female "brights", and male song).
Book
Modeling Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals
TL;DR: Mathematical modeling of infectious dis-eases has progressed dramatically over the past 3 decades and continues to be a valuable tool at the nexus of mathematics, epidemiol-ogy, and infectious diseases research.
Journal ArticleDOI
The complexity and stability of ecosystems
TL;DR: Early studies suggested that simple ecosystems were less stable than complex ones, but later studies came to the opposite conclusion as discussed by the authors. Confusion arose because of the many different meanings of "complexity" and "stability".
References
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The influence of nutrition on the relationships between gastro-intestinal parasites and their hosts.
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An Experimental Study of the Population Dynamics of an Ectoparasitic Digenean, Transversotrema patialense: The Cercarial and Adult Stages
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Parasitism and Distributional Gaps between Allopatric Species
TL;DR: The models adequately describe nature, but it is argued that the authors now know too little about nature to conclude that they do not, and the central question in the evolution of reproductive mode remains: is juvenile production or juvenile survival to maturity the driving force.
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Health and Disease in Tribal Societies
TL;DR: This volume includes the 14 papers presented and the well-reported and lively discussions that followed each presentation in the Ciba Foundation symposium on primitive isolated groups first contact with modern civilization in 1976.
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A model for the parasitic disease bilharziasis
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a model for describing the spread of the parasitic disease bilharziasis, which is made more tractable by replacing infecting population sizes by their expected values in the transition probabilities, giving Model B.