Journal ArticleDOI
Rate of Pregnancy-Related Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis
Christian Confavreux,Michael Hutchinson,Martine Hours,Cortinovis-Tourniaire P,Thibault Moreau +4 more
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TLDR
This study studied 254 women with multiple sclerosis during 269 pregnancies in 12 European countries to determine the rate of relapse per trimester and the score on the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale.Citations
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The complex role of estrogens in inflammation
TL;DR: This review reinforces the concept that estrogens have antiinflammatory but also proinflammatory roles depending on above-mentioned criteria and explains that a uniform concept as to the action of estrogens cannot be found for all inflammatory diseases due to the enormous variable responses of immune and repair systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Remyelination in the CNS: from biology to therapy
TL;DR: The mechanisms of remyelination provide critical clues for regeneration biologists that help them to determine why remYelination fails in MS and in other demyelinating diseases and how it might be enhanced therapeutically.
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Sex differences in autoimmune disease
TL;DR: A new interest in understanding the biology of this difference as well as funding opportunities have focused attention on research priorities in sex differences.
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Stress Hormones, Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Cytokines, and Autoimmunity
TL;DR: Excessive immune response, through activation of the stress system, stimulates an important negative feedback mechanism, which protects the organism from an “overshoot” of proinflammatory cytokines and other products of activated macrophages with tissue‐damaging potential.
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Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis
TL;DR: The results of these studies support a protective effect of vitamin D, but there are uncertainties and many unanswered questions, including how vitamin D exerts a Protective effect, how genetic variations modify the effect, and whether vitamin D can influence the course of MS progression.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis An expanded disability status scale (EDSS)
TL;DR: A new Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is presented, with each of the former steps (1,2,3 … 9) now divided into two (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 … 9).
Journal ArticleDOI
New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols.
Charles M. Poser,Donald W. Paty,Labe C. Scheinberg,W I McDonald,F A Davis,George C. Ebers,Kenneth P. Johnson,William A. Sibley,Donald H. Silberberg,Wallace W. Tourtellotte +9 more
TL;DR: Today there is a need for more exact criteria than existed earlier in order to conduct therapeutic trials in multicenter programs, to compare epidemiological surveys, to evaluate new diagnostic procedures, and to estimate the activity of the disease process in MS.
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Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon?
TL;DR: In this article, the authors hypothesize that TH2 cytokines inhibit TH1 responses, improving fetal survival but impairing responses against some pathogens, since pregnant females are susceptible to intracellular pathogens and are biased towards humoral rather than cell mediated immunity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis
Lawrence Jacobs,Diane Cookfair,Richard A. Rudick,Robert M. Herndon,John R. Richert,Andres M. Salazar,J. S. Fischer,Donald E. Goodkin,Carl V. Granger,Jack H. Simon,John J. Alam,David M. Bartoszak,Dennis Bourdette,Jonathan Braiman,Carol M. Brownscheidle,Michael E. Coats,Stanley Cohan,David S. Dougherty,R. P. Kinkel,Michele Mass,Frederick Munschauer,Roger L. Priore,Patrick M. Pullicino,Barbara J. Scherokman,Bianca Weinstock-Guttman,Ruth H. Whitham +25 more
TL;DR: Interferon beta‐ la had a significant beneficial impact in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients by reducing the accumulation of permanent physical disability, exacerbation frequency, and disease activity measured by gadolinium‐enhanced lesions on brain magnetic resonance images.
Journal ArticleDOI
Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis Results of a phase III multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Kenneth P. Johnson,Benjamin Rix Brooks,Jeffrey A. Cohen,Corey C. Ford,Jonathan Goldstein,Robert P. Lisak,Lawrence W. Myers,H. S. Panitch,John W. Rose,R. B. Schiffer,Timothy Vollmer,L. P. Weiner,Jerry S. Wolinsky +12 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that copolymer 1 treatment can significantly and beneficially alter the course of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in a well-tolerated fashion.