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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Regular and low-dose aspirin, other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and prospective risk of HER2-defined breast cancer: the California Teachers Study.

TLDR
This is the first report to suggest that the reduction in risk of breast cancer occurs for low-dose aspirin and not for regular- dose aspirin and only among women with the hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative subtype.
Abstract
Regular users of aspirin may have reduced risk of breast cancer. Few studies have addressed whether risk reduction pertains to specific breast cancer subtypes defined jointly by hormone receptor (estrogen and progesterone receptor) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. This study assessed the prospective risk of breast cancer (overall and by subtype) according to use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) in a cohort of female public school professionals in California. In 1995 − 1996, participants in the California Teachers Study completed a baseline questionnaire on family history of cancer and other conditions, use of NSAIDs, menstrual and reproductive history, self-reported weight and height, living environment, diet, alcohol use, and physical activity. In 2005–2006, 57,164 participants provided some updated information, including use of NSAIDs and 1457 of these participants developed invasive breast cancer before January 2013. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models provided hazard rate ratios (HRR) for the association between NSAID use and risk of invasive breast cancer as well as hormone receptor- and HER2-defined subtypes. Developing breast cancer was associated inversely with taking three or more tablets of low-dose aspirin per week (23% of participants). Among women reporting this exposure, the HRR was 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72–0.98) compared to those not taking NSAIDs and this was particularly evident in women with the hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative subtype (HRR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.66–0.96). Use of three or more tablets of “other” NSAIDs was marginally associated with lower risk of breast cancer (HRR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.62–1.00). Other associations with NSAIDs were generally null. Our observation of reduced risk of breast cancer, among participants who took three or more tablets of low-dose aspirin weekly, is consistent with other reports looking at aspirin without differentiation by dose. This is the first report to suggest that the reduction in risk occurs for low-dose aspirin and not for regular-dose aspirin and only among women with the hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative subtype. This preliminary study builds on previous knowledge and further supports the need for formal cancer chemoprevention studies of low-dose aspirin.

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Complex roles of the old drug aspirin in cancer chemoprevention and therapy.

TL;DR: This review focuses on recent progress in the use of aspirin for cancer chemoprevention and therapy, and integratively analyzes the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of aspirin and its metabolites.
Journal ArticleDOI

Phthalate Exposure and Breast Cancer Incidence: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study

TL;DR: The results suggest that women should avoid high-level exposure to dibutyl phthalate, such as through long-term treatment with pharmaceuticals formulated with phthalates, as a result of in vitro evidence for an estrogenic effect of this compound.
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Combination of microneedles and microemulsions to increase celecoxib topical delivery for potential application in chemoprevention of breast cancer.

TL;DR: Microemulsion incorporation reduced celecoxib IC50 in MCF‐7 cells (3.3‐fold), suggesting that presence of formulation components in the mammary tissue might improve drug cytotoxicity.

Aspirin Use for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer

TL;DR: This systematic evidence review on aspirin use for the prevention of colorectal cancer addressed four key questions in adults without a history of CRC, familial adenomatous polyposis, or Lynch Syndrome, and found aspirin appeared to reduce the risk of CRC mortality by approximately 33%.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Clinical Features and Patterns of Recurrence

TL;DR: Triple-negative breast cancers have a more aggressive clinical course than other forms of breast cancer, but the adverse effect is transient.
Journal ArticleDOI

Epidemiology of basal-like breast cancer

TL;DR: In the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based, case-control study of African-American and white women, the authors found that up to 68% of basal-like breast cancer could be prevented by promoting breastfeeding and reducing abdominal adiposity as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI

Low-Dose Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cancer: The Women’s Health Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial

TL;DR: Results No effect of aspirin was observed on total cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, or cancer of any other site, with the exception of lung cancer for which there was a trend toward reduction in risk.
Journal Article

Breast Cancer and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Prospective Results from the Women’s Health Initiative

TL;DR: It is indicated that the regular use of aspirin, ibuprofen, or other NSAIDs may have a significant chemopreventive effect against the development of breast cancer and underscore the need for clinical trials to confirm this effect.
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