Resource limitation is a driver of local adaptation in mycorrhizal symbioses
Nancy Collins Johnson,Gail W. T. Wilson,Matthew A. Bowker,Jacqueline A. Wilson,R. Michael Miller +4 more
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TLDR
Results indicate that Andropogon ecotypes adapt to their local soil and indigenous AM fungal communities such that mycorrhizal exchange of the most limiting resource is maximized.Abstract:
Symbioses may be important mechanisms of plant adaptation to their environment. We conducted a reciprocal inoculation experiment to test the hypothesis that soil fertility is a key driver of local adaptation in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses. Ecotypes of Andropogon gerardii from phosphorus-limited and nitrogen-limited grasslands were grown with all possible “home and away” combinations of soils and AM fungal communities. Our results indicate that Andropogon ecotypes adapt to their local soil and indigenous AM fungal communities such that mycorrhizal exchange of the most limiting resource is maximized. Grasses grown in home soil and inoculated with home AM fungi produced more arbuscules (symbiotic exchange structures) in their roots than those grown in away combinations. Also, regardless of the host ecotype, AM fungi produced more extraradical hyphae in their home soil, and locally adapted AM fungi were, therefore, able to sequester more carbon compared with nonlocal fungi. Locally adapted mycorrhizal associations were more mutualistic in the two phosphorus-limited sites and less parasitic at the nitrogen-limited site compared with novel combinations of plants, fungi, and soils. To our knowledge, these findings provide the strongest evidence to date that resource availability generates evolved geographic structure in symbioses among plants and soil organisms. Thus, edaphic origin of AM fungi should be considered when managing for their benefits in agriculture, ecosystem restoration, and soil-carbon sequestration.read more
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Consistent responses of soil microbial communities to elevated nutrient inputs in grasslands across the globe
Jonathan W. Leff,Stuart E. Jones,Suzanne M. Prober,Albert Barberán,Elizabeth T. Borer,Jennifer Firn,W. Stanley Harpole,Sarah E. Hobbie,Kirsten S. Hofmockel,Johannes M. H. Knops,Rebecca L. McCulley,Kimberly J. La Pierre,Anita C. Risch,Eric W. Seabloom,Martin Schütz,Christopher M. Steenbock,Carly J. Stevens,Noah Fierer +17 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that elevated N and P inputs lead to predictable shifts in the taxonomic and functional traits of soil microbial communities, including increases in the relative abundances of faster-growing, copiotrophic bacterial taxa, with these shifts likely to impact belowground ecosystems worldwide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial colonization and controls in dryland systems
Stephen B. Pointing,Jayne Belnap +1 more
TL;DR: The magnitude of regional and global desert-related environmental impacts is affected by these surface communities; here, the challenges for incorporating the consideration of these communities and their effects into the management of dryland resources are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbially Mediated Plant Functional Traits
Maren L. Friesen,Stephanie S. Porter,Scott C. Stark,Eric von Wettberg,Joel L. Sachs,Esperanza Martínez-Romero +5 more
TL;DR: There is likely fitness conflict between hosts and symbionts and that fitness outcomes can depend on partner genotypes and ecological factors, and new avenues of research are proposed in this emerging field of microbially mediated plant functional traits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global diversity and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
TL;DR: The results indicated that the global species richness of AM fungi was up to six times higher than previously estimated, largely owing to high beta diversity among sampling sites and habitat filtering or dispersal limitation is a driver of AM fungal community assembly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon availability triggers fungal nitrogen uptake and transport in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Carl R. Fellbaum,Emma W. Gachomo,Yugandhar Beesetty,Sulbha Choudhari,Gary D. Strahan,Philip E. Pfeffer,E. Toby Kiers,Heike Bücking +7 more
TL;DR: It is found that the C supply of the host plant triggers the uptake and transport of N in the symbiosis, and that the increase in N transport is orchestrated by changes in fungal gene expression.
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