Journal ArticleDOI
Retrospective surveillance of porcine circovirus 4 in pigs in Inner Mongolia, China, from 2016 to 2018
Zhuo Ha,Chengdong Yu,Changzhan Xie,Guanyu Wang,Ying Zhang,Hao Pengfei,Jinfeng Li,Zhuoxin Li,Yanwei Li,Fulong Rong,Fulong Nan,He Zhang,Xinyu Zhuang,Yubiao Xie,Ning Shi,Huijun Lu,Huijun Lu,Ningyi Jin,Ningyi Jin +18 more
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TLDR
Wang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the prevalence of PCV4 infection in pigs and analyzed its genomic characteristics, using 1683 clinical samples collected in Inner Mongolia, China, from 2016 to 2018.Abstract:
A novel circovirus designated "porcine circovirus type 4" (PCV4) was recently reported in pigs with severe clinical disease in Hunan Province, China. Relatively little is known about the molecular epidemiology of this recently discovered virus. In order to assess the prevalence of PCV4 infection in pigs and to analyze its genomic characteristics, 1683 clinical samples were collected in Inner Mongolia, China, from 2016 to 2018. The overall infection rate of PCV4 was 1.6% (27/1683) at the sample level and 21.6% (11/51) at the farm level, with rates ranging from 3.2% (1/31) to 20.0% (6/30) on different PCV4-positive pig farms. In addition, the PCV4 infection rates at both the sample and farm level increased from 2016 to 2018. This also showed that PCV4 was present in pigs in 2016 in China and therefore did not arrive later than this date. Additionally, our findings showed that PCV4 infections had no association with PCV2 or PCV3 infections. We sequenced the complete genomes of three PCV4 strains and found that the PCV4 strains had a high degree of genetic stability but shared less than 80% sequence identity with other circoviruses. We identified six amino acid mutations in the Rep protein and seven in the Cap protein. Phylogenetic analysis based on Cap and Rep sequences confirmed that the PCV4 strains grouped in an independent branch. Our findings provide important information about the prevalence and genetic characteristics of PCV4 strains.read more
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Simultaneous detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 2 and 4 in Henan province of China.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors used a SYBR Green I-based duplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect PCV2 and PCV4 genomes simultaneously.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simultaneous detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 2 and 4 in Henan province of China
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors used a SYBR Green I-based duplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect PCV2 and PCV4 genomes simultaneously.
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Novel Porcine Circoviruses in View of Lessons Learned from Porcine Circovirus Type 2-Epidemiology and Threat to Pigs and Other Species
TL;DR: In this paper , the impact of two recently described species of porcine circoviruses, PCV3 and PCV4, on the pork industry remains unknown, however, the clinical symptoms, anatomopathological changes and interaction with other pathogens during PCV-3 infection in pigs indicate that PCV 3 might be pathogenic for these animals and can cause economic losses in the swine industry similar to PCV2, which is worth including in the differential list as a cause of clinical disorders in reproductive swine herds.
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The Nucleolar Localization Signal of Porcine Circovirus Type 4 Capsid Protein Is Essential for Interaction With Serine-48 Residue of Nucleolar Phosphoprotein Nucleophosmin-1.
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel NoLS of PCV4 Cap was discovered, which bound to the nucleolar phosphoprotein nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1), and serine-48 residue at the N-terminal oligomerization domain of NPM1 was necessary for PCV 4 Cap/NPM 1 interaction.
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Porcine Circovirus Type 4 Strains Circulating in China Are Relatively Stable and Have Higher Homology with Mink Circovirus than Other Porcine Circovirus Types
TL;DR: It is found that the genome and protein structure of PCV4 was relatively stable among current circulating PCV3 strains and was more similar to MiCV in terms of its genome, protein structure, and epitope levels than other PCVs and BtCVs, suggesting that PCV 4 may be derived from MiCV or have a common origin with MiCV.
References
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MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0
TL;DR: An advanced version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software, which currently contains facilities for building sequence alignments, inferring phylogenetic histories, and conducting molecular evolutionary analysis, is released, which enables the inference of timetrees, as it implements the RelTime method for estimating divergence times for all branching points in a phylogeny.
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A very small porcine virus with circular single-stranded DNA
TL;DR: During the search for an in vitro model of persistent virus infections the agent was studied in more detail and showed the virus to have a diameter of 17 nm, and to contain a covalently closed circular single-stranded DNA with a molecular weight of 0.58 × 106.
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Porcine circovirus type 2-associated disease: Update on current terminology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and intervention strategies
TL;DR: The most common disease manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and intervention strategies associated with PCVAD in North America are discussed.
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Open reading frame 2 of porcine circovirus type 2 encodes a major capsid protein.
Porntippa Nawagitgul,Igor Morozov,Steven R. Bolin,Perry A. Harms,Steven D. Sorden,Prem S. Paul +5 more
TL;DR: The results show that the major structural protein of PCV2 is encoded by ORF2 and has a molecular mass of 30 kDa, similar to that detected in purified virus particles.
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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections: clinical signs, pathology and laboratory diagnosis.
TL;DR: The objective of the present review is to update the current knowledge on the clinical and pathological scope of PCV2 infections, as well as on their diagnosis, and a proposal on a unified PCVD/PCVAD terminology and clearly defined diagnostic criteria for these conditions are given.