Journal ArticleDOI
Role of Secondary Metabolites and Brassinosteroids in Plant Defense Against Environmental Stresses
TLDR
The present review focuses on current understanding of how plants respond to the generation of excessive ROS and the role of secondary metabolites and brassinosteroids in countering the adverse effects of environmental stresses.Abstract:
Being sessile, plants are subjected to a diverse array of environmental stresses during their life span. Exposure of plants to environmental stresses results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These activated oxygen species tend to oxidize various cellular biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, a process that challenges the core existence of the cell. To prevent the accumulation of these ROS and to sustain their own survival, plants have developed an intricate antioxidative defence system. The antioxidative defence system comprises various enzymatic and nonenzymatic molecules, produced to counter the adverse effect of environmental stresses. A sizable number of these molecules belong to the category of compounds called secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites are organic compounds that are not directly involved in the growth and development of plants but perform specialized functions under a given set of conditions. Absence of secondary metabolites results in long-term impairment of the plant’s survivability. Such compounds generally include pigments, phenolics, and so on. Plant phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and lignin precursors have been reported to accumulate in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses and are regarded as crucial defence compounds that can scavenge harmful ROS. Another important category of plant metabolites, called brassinosteroids, exhibit stress regulatory and growth-promoting activity and are classified as phytohormones. Elucidation of the physiological and molecular effects of secondary metabolites and brassinosteroids have catapulted them as highly promising and environment-friendly natural substances, suitable for wider application in plant protection and crop yield promotion. The present review focuses on our current understanding of how plants respond to the generation of excessive ROS and the role of secondary metabolites and brassinosteroids in countering the adverse effects of environmental stresses.read more
Citations
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Optimization of Biostimulants Application for Phenology and Quality of Oats
Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani,Samiullah Khan,Ayub Khan,Abid Farid,Sajjad Muhammad Khan,Muhammad Usama Hameed +5 more
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Expression of TaNCL2-A ameliorates cadmium toxicity by increasing calcium and enzymatic antioxidants activities in arabidopsis.
Shumayla,Shivi Tyagi,Yashraaj Sharma,Madhu,Alok Sharma,Ashutosh Pandey,Kashmir Singh,Santosh Kumar Upadhyay +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper , an elevated expression of TaNCL2-A gene in the root and shoot tissues of bread wheat seedlings, and a higher growth rate of recombinant yeast cells, suggested its role in Cd stress response.
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Physiological and metabolic analysis in mother bulbs of Lilium davidii var. unicolor during growth and development
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Essential Oils Used to Inhibit Bacterial Growth in Food
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Naringenin isolated from Citrus reticulata blanco fruit peel inhibits the toxicity of snake venom proteins - An in vitro and in vivo study.
TL;DR: In this article , the bioactive compound from the methanolic extract of Citrus reticulata was purified using polarity gradient chromatography and structurally characterized by UV-spectroscopy, NMR, and LC-MS.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES: Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Signal Transduction
Klaus Apel,Heribert Hirt +1 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms of ROS generation and removal in plants during development and under biotic and abiotic stress conditions are described and the possible functions and mechanisms for ROS sensing and signaling in plants are compared with those in animals and yeast.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds
TL;DR: It is now possible to establish the antioxidant activities of plant-derived flavonoids in the aqueous and lipophilic phases, and to assess the extent to which the total antioxidant potentials of wine and tea can be accounted for by the activities of individual polyphenols.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding plant responses to drought — from genes to the whole plant
TL;DR: Attention is drawn to the perception and signalling processes (chemical and hydraulic) of water deficits, which are essential for a holistic understanding of plant resistance to stress, which is needed to improve crop management and breeding techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
The antioxidants of higher plants
TL;DR: The evidence supports at least a partial antioxidant role in vivo for many classes of plant metabolite, and many other compounds as potential antioxidants can be inferred by their similarity to synthetic antioxidants of related structure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biosynthesis of flavonoids and effects of stress.
TL;DR: The accumulation of red or purple flavonoids is a hallmark of plant stress and mounting evidence points to diverse physiological functions for these compounds in the stress response.